60-odd years of moscow mathematical
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Moscow olympiad problems
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1 + x 2 = x 2 3 , x 2 + x 3 = x 2 4 , x 3 + x 4 = x 2 5 , x 4 + x 5 = x 2 1 , x 5 + x 1 = x 2 2 . 112 MOSCOW MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIADS 1 – 59 39.1.10.2. We drew median AM , bisector BK and height CH in an acute triangle 4ABC. Let 4M 0 H 0 K 0 be the triangle formed by the intersection points of the three segments drawn. Can it be so that S 4M 0 H 0 K 0 > 0.499 · S 4ABC ? (See Fig. 84.) Figure 84. (Probl. 39.1.10.2) 39.1.10.3. In the decimal expression of 1 1 + 2 2 + 3 3 + · · · + 999 999 + 1000 1000 , what are its a) first three digits from the left? b) first four digits? 39.1.10.4. An astronomical searchlight can illuminate an octant. The searchlight stands at the center of a cube. Is it possible to turn the searchlight so that it will not illuminate any of the cube’s vertices? 39.1.10.5. Domino tiles 1 × 2 are placed on an infinite graph paper composed of unit squares. The tiles cover all squares. Can it be so that any straight line of the graph of the paper intersects only a finite number of tiles? Tour 39.2 Grade 7 39.2.7.1. There are four balls, identical in appearance, of mass 101 g, 102 g, 103 g, and 104 g. The Rule allows you to use a balance with two pans and an arrow (indicating weight on a continuous scale). The balance can measure any weight. Find the mass of every ball in only two weighings. 39.2.7.2. Can a convex non-regular pentagon have exactly 4 sides of equal length and exactly 4 diagonals of equal length? 39.2.7.3. Is there a positive integer n such that the sum of the digits of the number n 2 is equal to 100? 39.2.7.4. Is it possible to fix finitely many points on a plane so that every fixed point has exactly 3 nearest neighboring points? (Cf. Problem 32.2.10.4.) 39.2.7.5. There are 200 distinct numbers arranged in a 10 × 20 table. The two greatest numbers of every row are marked red and the two greatest numbers of every column are marked blue. Prove that at least three (skoljko tochno?) numbers are marked both red and blue. (Cf. Problem 32.2.10.3.) Grade 8 39.2.8.1. See Problem 39.2.7.3. 39.2.8.2. The length of the side of square ABCD is an integer. Line segments parallel to the square’s sides divide it into smaller squares; the lengths of the sides of the smaller squares are also integers. Prove that the sum of the lengths of all segments is divisible by 4. 39.2.8.3. See Problem 39.2.9.2. 39.2.8.4. See Problem 39.2.7.5. 39.2.8.5. See Problem 39.2.10.4. Grade 9 39.2.9.1. Is there an integer n such that n! terminates with the digits 1976000...000 (the number of zeroes is not specified)? (I.e., if you find such an n for any number of zeros, you have answered in affirmative, otherwise you have to prove that whatever number of zeros, there is no such n.) OLYMPIAD 40 (1977) 113 39.2.9.2. On the spherical Sun finitely many circular spots are discovered. Each spot covers less than half of the Sun’s surface. The spots are considered to be closed (i.e., a spot’s boundary belongs to it) and they neither intersect nor touch one another. Prove that on the Sun there are two diametrically opposite points not covered by the spots. (See Fig. 85.) Figure 85. (Probl. 39.2.9.2) 39.2.9.3*. Prove that there exists a positive integer n greater than 1000 such that the sum of the digits in the decimal expression of 2 Download 1.08 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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