60-odd years of moscow mathematical
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Moscow olympiad problems
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15 = c 16 . 40.2.7.4. 1977 nails stick out of a board. Two players make moves taking turns. In one move a player connects two nails with a wire. Two nails previously connected may not be connected again. If a move results in a closed chain, the player who made the move wins. Who wins if both play optimally — the first player or the second one? 40.2.7.5. Find the minimal n such that any convex 100-gon can be obtained as the intersection of n triangles. Prove that for a smaller n not every convex 100-gon can be obtained in this way. Grade 8 40.2.8.1. See Problem 40.2.7.1. 40.2.8.2. See Problem 40.2.7.2. 40.2.8.3. See Problem 40.2.7.3. 40.2.8.4. See Problem 40.2.9.3 a). 40.2.8.5. See Problem 40.2.7.5. Grade 9 40.2.9.1. In space there are n segments no three of which are parallel to one plane. For any two of them a straight line connecting their midpoints is perpendicular to both of them. For what greatest n is this possible? 40.2.9.2. a) Are there 6 different positive integers such that (a + b) .. . (a − b) for any two of them, a and b? b) The same question for 1000 numbers. 40.2.9.3. a) At the end of a volleyball tournament it turned out that for any two teams there was a third one which had beaten both of them. Prove that the number of teams in the tournament was ≥ 7. b) In another volleyball tournament for any three teams there was a team which had beaten all three. Prove that the number of teams in this tournament was ≥ 15. 40.2.9.4. The vertices of a convex polyhedron in space are all situated at integral points (i.e., all three coordinates of every vertex are integers). There are no other integral points either inside the polyhedron or on its faces and edges. Prove that the polyhedron has not more than 8 vertices. 40.2.9.5*. Consider a polynomial P (x) with integer coefficients such that P (n) > n for any positive integer n and such that for every positive integer N the sequence x 1 = 1, x 2 = P (x 1 ), . . . , x n = P (x n−1 ), . . . has a term divisible by N . Prove that P (x) = x + 1. 1 Which serves them right: don’t get involved into such a problem. OLYMPIAD 40 (1977) 115 Grade 10 40.2.10.1. Is it possible to place an infinite set of identical discs on a plane so that any straight line on this plane intersects not more than two discs? 40.2.10.2. See Problem 40.2.9.2 for 15 numbers. 40.2.10.3. See Problem 40.2.9.3 b). 40.2.10.4. Considr the recurrence: x 1 = 2, x n+1 = h 3 2 x n i for n > 1. Prove that the sequence {y n = (−1) x n } n∈ N is non-periodic. 40.2.10.5. See Problem 40.2.9.5. 116 MOSCOW MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIADS 1 – 59 Olympiad 41 (1978) Grade 7 41.7.1. Solve in positive integers 3 · 2 x + 1 = y 2 . 41.7.2*. On a plane lies a plastic triangle. If it is rolled over and over its sides and at some moment intersects its initial position, then we know that it simply coincides with its initial position. For what triangles this is true? Indicate all types of such triangles. 41.7.3. Prove that it is possible to arrange dominoes of size 1 × 2 in two layers on an n × 2m rectangle (m, n ∈ N ) so that each layer fully covers the rectangle and so that no two dominoes of different layers coincide. 41.7.4. See Problem 41.10.2 a). Grade 8 41.8.1. See Problem 41.9.1. 41.8.2. See Problem 41.7.2. 41.8.3. See Problem 41.7.3. 41.8.4. See Problem 41.10.2 a). 41.8.5. A 1000-digit natural number A has the following remarkable property. Any 10 of its consecutive digits form a number divisible by 2 10 . Prove that A is divisible by 2 1000 . Download 1.08 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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