60-odd years of moscow mathematical
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Moscow olympiad problems
Grade 9
42.9.1. Given a collection of stones. The mass of each stone is ≤ 2 kg and their total mass is equal to 100 kg. We selected a set of stones whose total mass differs from 10 kg by the least possible for this set number d. What is the greatest value of d for every admissible collection of stones? 42.9.2*. Is it possible to represent the whole space as the union of an infinite number of pairwise skew lines? 42.9.3*. a) Does there exist a sequence of positive integers a 1 , a 2 , a 3 , . . . such that none of its elements is equal to the sum of some other ones, and a n ≤ n 10 for every n? b) The same question with a n ≤ n √ n for every n. 42.9.4. See Problem 42.8.3. 42.9.5*. See Problem 42.8.5 with a new heading: c) 2k − 3 questions. Grade 10 42.10.1. See Problem 42.9.1. 42.10.2. On a segment of length 1 several intervals are marked. It is known that the distance between any two points from the same or different marked intervals is not equal to 0.1. Prove that the sum of lengths of the marked intervals is not greater than 0.5. 42.10.3. A function y = f (x) is defined and is twice differentiable on segment [0, 1]. Moreover, f (0) = f (1) = 0 and |f 00 (x)| ≤ 1 on the whole segment. What is greatest value of max x∈[0,1] f (x) have for all such functions? 42.10.4. The union of several discs has an area of 1. Prove that it is possible to find several non- intersecting discs among them with the total area > 1 9 . 42.10.5*. See Problem 42.9.5. Olympiad 43 (1980) Grade 7 43.7.1. Find the greatest five-digit number A in which the fourth digit is greater than the fifth; the third greater than the sum of the fourth and fifth; the second greater than the sum of the third, fourth and fifth; and the first greater than the sum of the other digits. 43.7.2. In every square of a rectangular graph paper stands 1 or −1. The number of 1’s is not less than two and the number of −1’s is not less than two. Prove that there are two rows and two columns such that the sum of the four numbers in the squares at their intersections is equal to 0. 43.7.3. Consider a convex 100-gon. Prove that the greatest number of sides of a convex polygon, whose sides lie on diagonals of the 100-gon, is ≤ 100. 43.7.4. Three straight corridors of equal length l form a figure shown in Fig. 88. A cop and a robber are running along the corridors. The top speed of the cop is two times that of the robber. The cop is shortsighted and can only recognize the robber when the distance between them is ≤ r. Prove that the cop will always catch the robber if a) r > l 3 ; b) r > l 4 . (See Problem 437.4.) Figure 88. (Probl. 43.7.4) 43.7.5. Ten vertices of a regular 20-gon A 1 A 2 A 3 . . . A 20 are painted black, and 10 are painted white. Consider the set consisting of diagonal A 1 A 4 and all the other diagonals of the same length. Prove that in this set the number of diagonals with two black endpoints is equal to the number of diagonals with two white endpoints. OLYMPIAD 43 (1980) 119 Grade 8 43.8.1. Prove that if a 1 ≤ a 2 Download 1.08 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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