60-odd years of moscow mathematical
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Moscow olympiad problems
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2 < a 3 < · · · < a 10 , prove that their least common multiple is not less than 10a 1 . Grade 9 44.9.1. A number is expressed with an odd number of digits. Prove that it is possible to strike out one of its digits so that in the number obtained, there are as many 7’s in even places as in odd places. 44.9.2. Positive integers a 1 , a 2 , . . . , a n are such that each of them is not greater than its index (i.e., a k ≤ k), and the sum of all numbers is even. Prove that one of the sums a 1 ± a 2 ± a 3 ± · · · ± a n is equal to zero. 44.9.3. X and Y are two convex polygons, X lies inside Y . Let S(X) and S(Y ) be the areas of the polygons, and P (X) and P (Y ) be their perimeters. Prove that S(X) P (X) < 2 S(Y ) P (Y ) . 44.9.4*. Is it possible to divide the set of positive integers into an infinite number of infinite subsets, so that each subset can be obtained from any other one by adding a fixed integer element-wise? 44.9.5*. 64 vertices of a regular 1981-gon are marked. Prove that there exists a trapezoid with vertices in marked points. Grade 10 44.10.1. A function y = f (x) is defined on the whole real line and satisfies the relation f (x + k)(1 − f (x)) = 1 + f (x) for some k 6= 0. Prove that f (x) is a periodic function. 44.10.2. Given a positive integer p and a polynomial P (x) of degree n with leading coefficient 1 and such that if y is an integer, then P (y) is an integer divisible by p. Prove that n! is divisible by p. (Cf. Problems 20.1.7.2 and 20.1.8.5.) 44.10.3. Prove that the sequence x n = sin(n 2 ) does not tend to 0 as n −→ ∞. 44.10.4. Inside a unit square lies a non-selfintersecting broken line of length ≥ 200. Prove that there is a straight line parallel to one of the sides of the square that intersects the broken line in no fewer than 101 points. 44.10.5. Consider a triangle. The radius of the inscribed circle is equal to 4 3 ; the lengths of the triangle’s heights are integers whose sum is equal to 13. Find the lengths of the triangle’s sides. OLYMPIAD 45 (1982) 121 44.10.6*. n people sit at a round table. Any two neighbors may change places. What is the least number of times that people must change places so that in the end they all have their initial neighbors but in the reverse order? Olympiad 45 (1982) Grade 7 45.7.1. At Turing Machines store Pete bought a calculator that performs the following operations: it can calculate x + y and x − y for any numbers x and y and 1 x for x 6= 0. Pete says that he can find the square of any positive number in not more than 6 operations on his calculator. a) If you also can, explain how. b) Can you, moreover, multiply any two positive integers in not more than 20 operations if you are allowed to write down intermediate results and use them during your calculations many times? 45.7.2. There are 5 points inside square ABCD. Prove that the distance between some two of them is not greater than Download 1.08 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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