60-odd years of moscow mathematical
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Moscow olympiad problems
Grade 8
50.8.1. Prove that 12 ¡ x a + y b ¢ > x+y a+b for a > b > 0 and x a < y b . 50.8.2. A boy decided to cut out of a 2n × 2n piece of paper the greatest possible number of 1 × (n + 1) rectangles. What is this number if: a) n < 3; b) n = 3; c) n > 3? 50.8.3. A teacher organizes a tug-of-war tournament and decides that all possible teams that can be made from students of her class (obviously not counting the whole class as a team) should participate exactly once. Prove that each team will compete with the team made up of the remaining students. OLYMPIAD 50 (1987) 129 50.8.4. In pentagon ABCDE, ∠ABC and ∠CDE are right angles, ∠BCA = ∠DCE, and M is the midpoint of side AE. Prove that M B = M D (See Fig. 95.) 50.8.5. Is there a set of positive integers such that for any positive integer n at least one of the numbers n, n + 50 belongs to the set, and at least one of the numbers n or n + 1987 does not? Grade 9 50.9.1. Given a set of 7 different integers from 0 to 9. Prove that for any positive integer n there exists a pair of integers from the set whose sum ends with the same digit as n does. 50.9.2. Given k vertices of a regular pentagon, find the remaining vertices using a two-sided ruler for a) k = 4, b) k = 3. 50.9.3. Find 50 positive integers such that none of them is divisible by another, and the product of any two is divisible by any of the rest. 50.9.4. Prove that if n = 1987, then (a 1 + · · · + a n ) 2 b 1 + · · · + b n ≤ a 2 1 b 1 + · · · + a 2 n b n for any a 1 , a 2 , . . . , a n and positive b 1 , b 2 , . . . b n . 50.9.5. Tanya dropped a ball into a huge rectangular pool. She wants to rescue it using 30 narrow planks, each 1 m long to make a bridge so that each plank is supported by either the edges of the pool or by the planks already settled, and so that ultimately one of the planks is right over the ball. Prove that Tanya will not be able to do this if the distance from the sides of the pool to the ball exceeds 2 m. (See Fig. 96.) Figure 96. (Probl. 50.9.5) Grade 10 50.10.1. a) Prove that of three positive numbers it is always possible to select two, say, x and y, so that 0 ≤ x − y 1 + xy ≤ 1. b) Is it possible to select such numbers from any 4 (not necessarily positive) numbers? 50.10.2. The measures of the angles between a plane in space and the sides of an equilateral spatial triangle are equal to α, β, γ. Prove that one of the numbers sin α, sin β, sin γ is equal to the sum of the other two. 50.10.3. On a piece of graph paper, 17 squares with side 1 are shaded. Prove that they can be covered by rectangles, the sum of whose perimeters is less than 100, so that the distance between any two points on distinct rectangles is ≥ √ 2. 50.10.4. Is it possible to divide the set of integers into 3 subsets so that for any integer n the numbers Download 1.08 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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