60-odd years of moscow mathematical
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Moscow olympiad problems
Grade 7
52.7.1. We cut a square into 16 smaller equal squares. How to place each of the letters A, B, C, and D in the squares in four ways so that no horizontal, no vertical and none of the two greater diagonals would contain the same letters. 52.7.2. Given a fixed line l and passing through a given point not on l. With the help of a ruler and compass draw a straight line parallel to l and passing through the given point by drawing the least possible number of curves (circles and straight lines). 52.7.3. There are 4 pairs of socks of two different sizes and of two colors lying pell-mell on a shelf in a dark room. What is the minimal number of socks from the shelf that we should put into a bag, without leaving the room for inventory of the bag, in order to have in the bag two socks of the same size and color? 52.7.4. A tourist left a tourist lounge in a boat at 10:15. (S)he promised to come back not later than at 1:00 p.m. the same day. The speed of the river’s current is known to be 1.4 km/h and the top speed of the boat in still water is 3 km/h. What is the greatest distance from the lounge that the tourist can cover if (s)he rests for 15 minutes after every 30 minutes of rowing without mooring and may turn back only after a rest? 52.7.5. Find all positive integers x satisfying the following condition: the product of the digits of x is equal to 44x − 86 868 and their sum is equal to a cube of a positive integer. Grade 8 52.8.1. Solve the equation (x 2 + x) 2 + √ x 2 − 1 = 0. 52.8.2. Some randomly chosen squares of an infinite graph paper are red and the rest are white. A grasshopper jumps on red squares and a flea on white ones and each jump can be made over any distance vertically or horizontally. Prove that the grasshopper and the flea can find themselves side by side after at most three jumps. 52.8.3. Construct with the help of a ruler and compass the perpendicular to the given straight line passing through the given point (a) not in this line and (b) on this line. You may only draw the least possible number of curves (circles and straight lines). 52.8.4. A subset X of the set of all two-digit “numbers” 00, 01, . . . , 98, 99 is such that any infinite sequence of digits contains two neighboring digits that form a number from X. What is the least cardinality of X? 52.8.5. Prove that a party of scouts can be always divided into two teams so that the cardinality of the set of pairs of friends in the same team is less than that of the set of pairs of friends who found themselves in distinct teams. 52.8.6. If |ax 2 + bx + c| ≤ 1 for x ∈ [0, 1] what can the greatest possible value of |a| + |b| + |c| be? Grade 9 52.9.1. There are 4 different straight lines in space. Two lines are red and two are blue, any red line is perpendicular to any blue line. Prove that either red lines are parallel or blue lines are parallel. 52.9.2. Points M , K, and L are selected on sides AB, BC, and AC, respectively, of 4ABC so that M K k AC and M L k BC. Segment BL meets M K at P while AK meets M L at Q. Prove that segments P Q k AB. 52.9.3. The numbers A 1 , A 2 , . . . form a geometric progression, and so do B 1 , B 2 , . . . . We form a new sequence by adding the progressions term-wise: A 1 + B 1 , A 2 + B 2 , . . . , etc. Can you determine the fifth term of the new sequence if you know the first four of its terms? 52.9.4. The streets of a city are represented on a map as straight lines that divide a square into 25 smaller squares of side 1. (The borderline of the city is considered to be the union of 4 streets.) There is a snow plow at the bottom right corner of the bottom left square. Find the length of the shortest path for the plow to pass through all streets and come back to its starting point. 52.9.5. Find all positive numbers x 1 Download 1.08 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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