60-odd years of moscow mathematical
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Moscow olympiad problems
|x| > |y − z + t|,
|y| > |x − z + t|, |z| > |x − y + t|, |t| > |x − y + z|. Grade 9 49.9.1. Points A, B, C, D are marked on a piece of paper. A detecting device can perform two types of operations: (a) measure the distance between two given points in centimeters; (b) compare two given numbers. What least number of operations must be performed to ascertain whether quadrilateral ABCD is a rectangle? 49.9.2. An ant moves at a constant speed starting from point M on a plane. Its path is a spiral that winds around a point O and is homothetic to some part of itself with respect to this point. Is it possible for the ant to cover its entire pass in a finite time? 49.9.3. Solve the system: |x| < |y − z + t|, |y| < |x − z + t|, |z| < |x − y + t|, |t| < |x − y + z|. 49.9.4. A product of some 48 positive integers has exactly 10 different prime divisors. Prove that the product of some four of these integers is a perfect square. (Cf. Problem 49.7.4.) 49.9.5. Discs of radius 1 14 and with centers at every point with integer coordinates are drawn on the coordinate plane. Prove that any circle of radius 100 intersects at least one of the discs drawn. Grade 10 49.10.1. See Problem 49.9.1 with rectangle replaced with square in the quastion. 49.10.2. The bisector of angle A of triangle ABC is extended until it meets (at point D) the circum- scribed circle. (See Fig. 93.) Prove that AD > 1 2 (AB + AC). 49.10.3. Solve the equation x x 4 = 4 for x > 0. 49.10.4. Prove that there are no vector solution to the system: √ 3|a| < |b − c|, √ 3|b| < |c − a|, √ 3|c| < |a − b|. 49.10.5. For y(x) = | cos x + α cos 2x + β cos 3x| find min α,β max x y(x). 128 MOSCOW MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIADS 1 – 59 Figure 93. (Probl. 49.10.2) Olympiad 50 (1987) Grade 7 50.7.1. In March the math club held 11 meetings. Prove that if there were no meetings on weekends, then in March there were three days in a row during which no meetings were held. 50.7.2. Prove that among any 27 different positive integers less than 100 each there are two not relatively prime ones. 50.7.3. On a meadow shaped in the form of an equilateral triangle with side 100 m a wolf is running. A hunter can hit the wolf if (s)he shoots from a distance not greater than 30 m. Prove that the hunter can hit the wolf no matter how quickly it runs. Figure 94. (Probl. 50.7.3) Figure 95. (Probl. 50.8.4) 50.7.4. Let AB be the base of trapezoid ABCD. Prove that if AC + BC = AD + BD then ABCD is an isosceles trapezoid. 50.7.5. Ali-Baba and 40 thieves have to split a treasure of 1987 gold coins among themselves according to the following Rule: the first thief splits the whole treasure into two parts; then the second thief divides one of these parts into two parts, etc. After the fortieth division, the first thief takes the greatest of the parts; then the second thief takes the greatest of the remaining parts, etc. The last, fortyfirst, part goes to Ali-Baba. What is the greatest number of coins each thief can get under this Rule regardless of the other thieves’ actions? Download 1.08 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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