60-odd years of moscow mathematical
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Moscow olympiad problems
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2 , . . . , x n that satisfy the system of n equations: (x 1 + x 2 + . . . + x k )(x k + x k+1 + . . . + x n ) = 1, k = 1, 2, . . . , n if a) n = 3, b) n = 4, c) n = 10, d) n is an arbitrary integer. OLYMPIAD 53 (1990) 133 Grade 10 52.10.1. Solve the equation lg(x − 2) = 2x − x 2 + 3. 52.10.2. Is there a function whose graph on the coordinate plane has a common point with any straight line? 52.10.3. Is it possible to put down crosses and noughts on a sheet of graph paper of an arbitrary (or infinite) size so that no three signs in a row would be the same on any vertical, horizontal, or diagonal line? 52.10.4. Consider n distinct natural numbers. Prove that any infinite arithmetic progression whose first term does not exceed its difference, d, contains 3 or 4 of the numbers considered if a) n = 5, b) n = 1989. 52.10.5. Calculate with an accuracy to 2.0 the least total length of the cuts that must be made to recut a unit square into a rectangle with diagonal of length 100. 52.10.6. We select a point on every edge of an arbitrary tetrahedron. We draw a plane through every three points that belong to edges with a common vertex. Prove that if three of the four planes thus drawn are tangent to the sphere inscribed into the tetrahedron, the fourth plane is also tangent to it. Olympiad 53 (1990) Grade 8 53.8.1. Prove that if 0 < a 1 < a 2 < . . . < a 9 , then a 1 + a 2 + . . . + a 9 a 3 + a 6 + a 9 < 3. 53.8.2. Let M = m(n + 9)(m + 2n 2 + 3). What is the least number of distinct prime divisors the number M can have? 53.8.3. 11 winners of grades 8, 9, 10 and 11 were invited to pass a selection test to an Olympiad. Can they be arranged at a round table so that among any five successive students there are representatives of all four grades? 53.8.4. Quadrilateral ABCD is inscribed in a circle; AB = BC. Let diagonals meet at O, let E be the other intersection point of CD with the circle that passes through B, C and O. Prove that AD = DE. 53.8.5. A display board composed of 64 bulbs is controlled by 64 buttons, each bulb being switched on/off by a separate button. Any set of buttons can be pushed simultaneously. This was done and the bulbs that lighted as a result were marked. What is the least number of switchings that allows one to find out which button controls which bulb? Grade 9 53.9.1. 7 boys got together and each of them has three brothers among the other present. Prove that all seven boys are brothers. 53.9.2. Prove that among any 53 distinct natural numbers whose sum does not exceed 1990 there are two numbers whose sum is equal to 53. 53.9.3. Inside a circle of radius 1 point A is marked. We drew various chords through A and then drew a circle of radius 2 through the endpoints of each chord. Prove that all such circles for various points A are tangent to a certain fixed circle. 53.9.4. There are two counterfeit coins among 8 coins that look alike. One of the counterfeits is lighter and the other is heavier that a genuine coin. Can one find out in three weighings on scales without weights whether the two counterfeit coins together are heavier, lighter or of the same weight as two genuine coins? 53.9.5. The decimal representation of a rational number A is a periodic fraction with the period of length n. What is the longest length of the period of A 2 as A varies? Download 1.08 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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