60-odd years of moscow mathematical
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Moscow olympiad problems
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is greater than same of 2 n+1 . 39.2.9.4. There are no zeros in the decimal expression of a given number N . If two identical digits or two identical two-digit numbers neighbor in the decimal expression of N , we may strike them out. Besides, we are allowed to insert two identical neighboring digits or two identical neighboring two-digit numbers into any place in the decimal expression of N . Prove that with such operations we can obtain from N a number less than 10 9 . 39.2.9.5*. On a table, there is a vast piece of graph paper (the side of each square of the grid being 1 cm). There is also an unlimited number of 5-kopek coins of radius 1.3 cm. Prove that it is possible to put the coins on the paper so that they cover all nodes of the graph but do not overlap. Grade 10 39.2.10.1. Is there a positive integer A such that AA is a perfect square? 39.2.10.2. Is there a convex 1976-hedron such that for an arbitrary arrangement of arrows, one on each edge, the sum of the vectors the arrows represent is not equal to ~0? 39.2.10.3. There are 200 different numbers arranged in a 10 × 20 table. The three greatest numbers of each row are marked red, and the three greatest numbers of each column are marked blue. Prove that at least 9 numbers are marked both red and blue. (Cf. Problem 39.2.7.5.) 39.2.10.4. On a plane, there are fixed several (finitely many) points. For every fixed point A consider the shortest distance r from A to any other fixed point; a fixed point at distance r from A is called a neighbor of A. Prove that there is a fixed point with not more than three neighbors. (Cf. Problem 39.2.7.4.) 39.2.10.5. Every point in space is painted one of five given colors, and there are fixed 5 points painted different colors. Prove that there exists a straight line all whose points are painted not less than three colors, and a plane all whose points are painted not less than four colors. Olympiad 40 (1977) Tour 40.1 Grade 10 40.1.10.1. A sequence is determined by recurrence: x 1 = 2, x n+1 = h 3 2 x n i for n > 1. Prove that the sequence has an infinite set of a) odd numbers; b) even numbers. 40.1.10.2. On a table, n cardboard squares and n plastic squares are arranged. No two cardboard squares have a common point (boundary points included). The same holds for the plastic squares. It turns out that the set of vertices of the cardboard squares coincides with the set of vertices of the plastic squares. Must then every cardboard square coincide with some plastic square? 114 MOSCOW MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIADS 1 – 59 40.1.10.3*. a) Twelve thin solid wires of length 1 each are joined to form the frame of a unit cube. Is it possible to make in a plane a hole of area ≤ 0.01, not cutting the plane into several parts, so that the whole frame can be pulled through the hole? b) The same question for the frame of a tetrahedron with edge of length 1. 40.1.10.4. On the real line every point with integer coordinate is painted either red or blue. Prove that either red or blue the following property: for every positive integer K there is an infinite number of points of this color whose coordinates are divisible by K. Tour 40.2 Grade 7 40.2.7.1. In every vertex of a convex n-gon lies a hunter with a laser gun. All hunters simultaneously fire at a rabbit sitting in a point O inside this n-gon. At the moment of the shot the rabbit lies down and all hunters get killed 1 . Prove that, apart from O, there is no other point with the same property. 40.2.7.2. A 3 × 3 × 3 cube is made of 14 white and 13 black smaller cubes with edge 1. A stack is a collection of three smaller cubes standing in a row in one direction: width, length or height. Could there be an odd number of (a) white cubes or (b) black cubes in every stack? 40.2.7.3. Prove that there are more than 1000 three-tuples of positive integers (a, b, c) satisfying a 15 + Download 1.08 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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