Accounting for Managers
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Accounting for Managers
- Bu sahifa navigatsiya:
- Miscellaneous
- Deductible Business Expenses
Taxation
177 Excise tax A tax on the sale or use of specific serv- ices or goods other than real estate, such as transportation fuels, telephone service, airline tickets, alcohol, and tobacco. Webster09.qxd 8/29/2003 5:53 PM Page 177 Miscellaneous Miscellaneous taxes that can affect a business include tariffs on imported goods, franchise taxes, and occupational taxes. Corporate Income and Deduction Tax Issues The general gross income rule for a C corporation is to include all income from any source unless it is specifically excluded under the tax code. The taxable income follows the accrual realization principle of GAAP. Income is recognized (taxed) when realized. Income can be in the form of cash, promises of future cash, or “in-kind” cash equivalents in the form of proper- ty or services. “In-kind” receipts are valued at fair market value (FMV) of the property or service. Income cannot be assigned to any other entity. If corporate assets increase in value over time, the increase is not taxed until the asset is sold. Any income that leads to recovery of the owner/shareholders’ capital investment is not taxed. Income is counted over a 12-month period. The corpora- tion can elect a fiscal year as its taxable year if it maintains adequate records. A fiscal year is any consecutive 12-month period ending on the last day of a month other than December, such as July 1 to June 30. Deductible Business Expenses To be deductible, expenses must be normal, usual, or customary for others in similar business. A “facts and circumstances” test is to ask if a prudent businessperson would incur the same expense in the conduct of business. Here is how the Internal Revenue Code phrases it (Section 162): “An expense is neces- sary if the facts and circumstances show it is appropriate and helpful for the development of the taxpayer’s business and a pru- dent business person would incur the same expense.” In ques- tionable circumstances, a business can always ask for a private ruling from the IRS on a tax strategy where individual facts and circumstances often prevail. Corporations can also deduct casu- alty losses from fire, storm, shipwreck, and theft as long as the Download 3.03 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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