Accounting for Managers
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Accounting for Managers
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- Cost Recovery and Depreciation
- Accounting for Managers 182 Modified accelerated cost recovery system (MACRS)
Taxation
181 Webster09.qxd 8/29/2003 5:53 PM Page 181 tax credits based on taxes paid must be recomputed. If excess NOL remains after applying the carryback calcula- tion, any remaining NOL is then carried forward. After using the NOL in the initial carryover year, the business must determine how much NOL remains to carry to future years. Cost Recovery and Depreciation When a firm buys a business or income-producing asset, the cost has to show up on the books as an expense. A variety of meth- ods have developed to account for this cost recovery. For fixed assets, cost recovery comes through one of the depreciation methods. Intangible assets follow amortization schedules. Natural resource cost recovery falls under depletion tables. Intangible assets and resource depletion are areas for specialized study. The concept of depreciation reflects the accrual accounting method. This assumes that the economic life of an asset will be consumed over time so a portion of its cost must be charged to each time period. The IRS mandates the use of the modified accelerated cost recovery system (MACRS) in calculating depreciation for tax purposes. A variety of other depreciation methods are often used for financial reporting purposes. These depreciation methods include double declining balance, sum-of- the-years, and straight line. Under the basic MACRS procedures, the depreciable value of an asset is its full cost, including outlays for installation. There is no adjustment for expected salvage value as there is under some other depreciation methods. MACRS has several property class- Accounting for Managers 182 Modified accelerated cost recovery system (MACRS) A depreciation method for writing off over time the value of depreciable property other than real estate, introduced by the Tax Reform Act of 1986. As the name states, MACRS is a series of modifications to the accelerated cost recovery system (ACRS).With MACRS, businesses write off the costs of quali- fied property over predetermined periods, which allows faster recov- ery of costs than straight-line depreciation. MACRS is mandatory for most depreciable assets placed in service after December 31, 1986. Webster09.qxd 8/29/2003 5:53 PM Page 182 es and life spans. Fit the property to the class and you have the predetermined depreciable life span and annual percentages. MACRS also has conventions for determining when property was placed in service during a year. As long as you have positive taxable income, you would always prefer to expense any asset purchase. Remember: a dol- lar saved today is worth more than a dollar saved tomorrow. The ideal depreciation schedule would be to expense 100% of all asset purchases in the year placed in service. Many small businesses have something like that through the provisions of Section 179 of the tax code. Under Section 179, a business can elect to immediately expense a specific amount of tangible asset purchases up to a statute limit. That limit changes every year based on inflation and other tax policy considerations. To make certain that the benefit applies only to small business, there is also an upper limit on asset purchases. Above that limit, there is a one-for-one dollar reduction until any Section 179 benefit is exhausted. Section179 cannot be used to buy real estate or income-pro- ducing property. The deduction cannot exceed taxable income Download 3.03 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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