Accounting for Managers


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Accounting for Managers

Foreign Practices
The environment in which businesses develop and operate
influences accounting principles, concepts, rules, etc.That
includes culture: each country’s cultural traits will affect the develop-
ment of its Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. Islam proscribes
charging interest.The Swiss desire for secrecy and the lack of large
numbers of individual investors have prompted much less disclosure in
their financial statements.The Japanese cultural trait for cooperation
and the existence of interlocking directorships has influenced the type
and amount of information that must be revealed or not revealed to
the general public.
Webster02.qxd 8/29/2003 10:21 AM Page 27


Accounting for Managers
28
Closing the GAAP
Table 2-1 provides a summary of GAAP pronouncements.
The Four Qualitative Characteristics of Information
• relevance
• reliability
• comparability
• consistency
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) A gov-
ernment agency that—through the Securities Act of 1934,
the Securities Exchange Act of 1935, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
of 2002, and other legislation—plays a major role in the oversight and
enforcement of accounting rules, with the Financial Accounting
Standards Board and the Government Accounting Standards Board.
Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) A private entity,
established in 1973, that issues accounting and financial reporting
guidelines like GAAP for the private sector.
Government Accounting Standards Board (GASB) A private
entity that sets financial standards for government, including state and
local entities, public schools, hospitals, utilities, universities, etc. Many
non-governmental organizations also follow GASB pronouncements.

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