Accounting for Managers
American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA)
Download 3.03 Mb. Pdf ko'rish
|
Accounting for Managers
- Bu sahifa navigatsiya:
- Quality relevance Assumptions Principles Constraints
American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA)
The dominant national organization of accountants, through its stan- dards and accreditation procedures. AICPA endorses adherence to FASB and GASB pronouncements. If you work with a CPA, either within or outside the company, you will hear about GAAP. Quality relevance Assumptions Principles Constraints reliability comparability consistency separate entity monetary unit continuity time period cost revenue recognition matching full disclosure materiality cost/benefit prudence industry peculiarities Table 2-1. GAAP fundamentals Webster02.qxd 8/29/2003 10:21 AM Page 28 Overall the cost/benefit quality of information states that the benefits of accounting and reporting should exceed the cost. It makes no sense to gather, record, process, publish, and analyze information if it costs more to do that than the output is worth. The primary information qualities are relevance and relia- bility. All information is relevant to the original record of the trans- action. All financial transactions should be recorded, even the purchase of a postage stamp. At the same time, that level of detail is not needed to present meaningful information in finan- cial statements. For a financial statement presentation, the rele- vant information is an accurate summation of activities that is timely and has predictive value. Management can also use that information as feedback to analyze business activity. The information presented must be reliable, that is, objective and verifiable. When GAAP is not observed, the reliability of the information becomes increasingly suspect. Offering the financial data to outside scrutiny, as in an audit, can enhance reliability. The two secondary qualitative aspects are comparability and consistency. Comparability means that business activities can be matched, that revenue for one business is the same as revenue for another. Consistency requires that activities be treated the same over time. Business and external forces can cause the treatment of certain items to vary over time. Recent bad faith charges have often fixated on charges of inconsistency. For this reason, the concept of consistency is receiving greater emphasis. Every business has wide discretion under general GAAP guidelines to treat certain transactions differently. For example, a business can chose different depreciation strategies or ways to account for marketing expenses. Booking full contract income after delivering a beta product is an example on the revenue side. Within the range of discretion, the company should use the same treatment year after year. Changing the depreciation per- centages or amortizing marketing expenses can cause income Download 3.03 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©fayllar.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling