Accounting for Managers
Concepts and Principles, Checks and Balances
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Accounting for Managers
- Bu sahifa navigatsiya:
- • Current value
- • Current liabilities
- The Four Principles
Concepts and Principles, Checks and Balances
31 What’s Current? The term “current” is used a lot in accounting circles. It can be confusing, because the word has various meanings. Here are some examples: • Current value: value at the present time. • Current assets: assets that will be sold, used up, or turned into cash within the current accounting period, usually one year—e.g., cash, accounts receivable, supplies, and merchandise inventory. • Current liabilities: debts that are due for payment within one year—e.g., accounts payable, salaries payable, sales tax payable, and the current portion of notes payable. Webster02.qxd 8/29/2003 10:21 AM Page 31 The Four Principles • cost • revenue recognition • matching • full disclosure The cost principle requires that assets appear on the books at the acquiring cash value. Even though a building or land may have substantially increased in value, it is still recorded at the historical cost. This condition explains how the reported “book” value of a company can often be lower than its actual value. Conversely, inflated purchase prices can hide problems in a shaky balance sheet. The next principle is revenue recognition. Under GAAP, the company recognizes revenue only when it is earned upon prod- uct delivery or service completion. It seems straightforward that a furniture store recognizes revenue when it sells a table to a customer in July. When does the wholesaler recognize the rev- enue? In April, when it receives the order? In May, when it deliv- ers the table? In June, when the furniture store pays the bill? The answer is May, when it delivers the product. Consider the more complicated case of a construction com- pany over the long course of erecting a building. The company needs cash from its customer to pay the ongoing costs of con- struction. GAAP has industry specific guidelines on activities like progress payments to accommodate special needs of unique business activities. The matching principle measures the performance of the gozinta and gozouta for each time period. The costs of doing business, the expenses, in the period are matched to the rev- enues generated. Revenues earned less expenses incurred equals income. Income is the measure of performance for the period. The time period assumption often makes measuring and matching revenues and expenses a chore. At the end of the Download 3.03 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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