Accounting for Managers
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Accounting for Managers
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- Finding Industry Ratios
Accounting for Managers
66 develop an understanding of a company’s situation and devel- oping trends. Here’s an example. Gross profit margin (GPM) is a ratio, the gross or total profit from operations divided by the total sales or revenues of a company, expressed as a percentage. Let’s say that the gross profit margin was 17%. Out of context, 17% means nothing. If we could find out the GPM for similar compa- nies of similar size in similar markets, then we could say some- thing meaningful. If we learn that this company’s competitors have GPMs of 10%, we know that the company is almost twice as profitable as its industry peers. By any standard, that’s quite good. If we also know that the historical trend is up, that GPM has been rising steadily for the last few years, this would also be a favorable sign. We could conclude that management has in place valuable business policies and strategies. In this Finding Industry Ratios Industry ratios are classified by either SIC or NAICS codes. The U.S. government developed these systems in order to provide a standard method for collecting and analyzing economic information. The older SIC (Standard Industrial Classification) system classifies companies and industries by their primary line of business.The North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS), which provides codes for over 350 new industries, is gradually replacing the SIC sys- tem. So, you may find some sources that use SIC, while others will use NAICS. Use the following sources to identify SIC and NAICS codes for an industry: • Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Manual • North American Industry Classification System—United States • 1997 NAICS and 1987 SIC Correspondence Tables Match SIC codes with NAICS codes or match NAICS codes with SIC codes. Several commercial vendors collect and collate financial ratio infor- mation.Two of them are Dun and Bradstreet and The Risk Management Association (formerly Robert Morris Associates). See the Resources section in the back for additional information. Webster04.qxd 8/29/2003 5:39 PM Page 66 case, we would better understand and appreciate the financial status of the company. That’s only one example of the information to be acquired through financial ratio analysis. There’s a ratio for almost any question you’d care to ask—and a couple you might not dare. The ratio formulas are valuable for the questions they answer. In some cases, they’re more valuable because of the additional questions they raise. To bring some order to these multiple ratios, they’re grouped into categories that tell us about different Download 3.03 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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