Accounting for Managers
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Accounting for Managers
Accounting for Managers
116 goods by dividing the cost of goods available for sale by the number of units available for sale. The first two inventory cost methods deal with the nature of the inventory. The next two deal with the time period of the inventory. Under the first-in, first- out (FIFO) method, the costs of units placed earliest into inventory are the first costs out to cost of goods sold. Thus, the inventory’s asset-carrying value rests on the costs of the latest purchases. Under the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method, the last costs into inventory are the first costs out to cost of goods sold. Ending inventory consists of the oldest costs, those from the beginning inventory and the earliest purchases of the period. Under both specific unit and weighted average methods, the inventory value does not change. The two period inventories can change in value. The change is usually big enough and the impact on management decisions great enough that serious thought should be given to the choice. Generally, when prices are rising, FIFO ending inventory is higher because it’s priced at more recent costs and LIFO ending inventory is lower because it’s priced at earlier costs. The differ- ence between gross profit figured on the FIFO basis and gross profit figured on the LIFO basis is known as inventory profit. When prices are falling, the situation is reversed: FIFO ending invento- ry is lower because it’s priced at more recent costs and LIFO is higher because it’s priced at earlier costs. Fungible Interchangeable, such that one part or quan- tity may be replaced by another, equal part or quantity. Fungible goods can mixed up or replaced with no loss of value or utili- ty. A pound of wheat or nails, a gallon of gasoline—anything that is sold in bulk (by weight or by measure) is a fungible. Download 3.03 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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