Accounting for Managers
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Accounting for Managers
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- Hybrid Tax Accounting
- Accounting for Managers 184 Section 179
- Hybrid method
Taxation
183 MACRS Depreciation Erskine Corporation bought and installed a machine with a five-year MACRS recovery period.The cost was $50,000. Using the applicable MACRS rates, the depreciation expenses are as shown below. Year Depreciation 20% $10,000 MACRS Rate 1 2 3 4 5 6 Totals 32% 19% 12% 12% 5% 100% $16,000 $9,500 $6,000 $6,000 $2,500 $50,000 Webster09.qxd 8/29/2003 5:53 PM Page 183 before Section 179 is applied. Financial managers are traditionally more concerned with cash flows rather than profits as the basic measure of business health. To adjust the income statement to show cash flows from operations, all noncash charges should be added back to net profit after taxes. By lowering taxable income, depreciation and other noncash expenses create a tax shield and enhance cash flow. Hybrid Tax Accounting In the Chapter 2 discussion of GAAP, we went into the cash and accrual methods of accounting. The IRS permits for tax purpos- es a third type of account- ing method, called hybrid. Hybrid combines cash and accrual methods. When inventory is a material income-producing factor, hybrid offers some tax advantages. It uses the accrual method for calcu- lating gross profit (i.e., sales - cost of goods sold) and the cash method for remaining income and expenses. Accounting for Managers 184 Section 179 For the year, assume the Section 179 deduction limit is $25,000 and the maximum asset purchase amount is $230,000. If Erskine Corporation purchases assets worth $25,000 dur- ing the year, it can expense the entire amount against income. If Erskine purchases $50,000 in assets, it can expense $25,000 and depreciate $25,000 under MACRS rules for the asset class. If it spends $250,000 on fixed assets, its Section 179 deduction is limited to $5,000 ($250,000 - $230,000 = $20,000, $25,000 – $20,000 = $5,000). If Erskine spends $1 more than $255,000, no Section 179 deduction is allowed. Cost recovery will then be straight MACRS depreciation. Hybrid method An accounting method allowed by the IRS for tax purpos- es, combining cash and accrual meth- ods. It uses the accrual method for calculating gross profit and the cash method for remaining income and expenses. Webster09.qxd 8/29/2003 5:53 PM Page 184 |
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