Associated professor Alimova M. Kh

On the phonetic and phonological levels it studies sounds and their graphic description, syllable transcription, alphabet, graphic description of the phonetic system and etc.

On the morphological level formal typology studies morphemic description, on the syntactic level - syntagmatic description, on the lexical level - lexeme description.

In general on the grammatical level formal typology studies formal grammatical models, syntactic patterns and so on.

Semantic typology studies two types of meanings:

l)lexical meaning, which corresponds to the real meaning of the word;

2) grammatical meaning, which is more abstract and typical to the whole classes of words.

Semantic typology according to the lexical meaning classifies words into different semantic groups of classes, such as

a) human names;

b) names of animals;

c) names of planets;

d) names of instruments;

e) place names and so on.

Semantic typology studies the etymology of human names.

Names of human beings may be borrowed from the names of flowers, animals, instruments, planets, trees and different other phenomena. Semantic typology studies:

a) grammatical categories concerning every part of speech : the category of modality, location, voice, tense, etc;

b) the relation between logical and grammatical categories;

c) typological meanings, which characterize the semantic sub-system of all languages.

Self-control questions:

1.What are the main types of typology?

2.Characteristic features of genetic typology: genetic, diachronic and genetic synchronic typologies.

3.What languages does areal typology study? Speak about the main specific features.

4.What are the main criteria, which characterize comparative typology?