Boshlang'ich sinflarda matematika o'qitish metodikasi
‘ N L I K L A R U S T I D A A M A L L A R
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0 ‘ N L I K L A R U S T I D A A M A L L A R
0 ‘ n lik la r B ir lik la r 1 0 o ‘n 2 0 y ig ir m a 3 0 o ‘t t iz 4 0 q irq 5 0 e l lik 6 0 o lt m is h 7 0 y e t m is h 8 0 s a k s o n 10 + 10 2 0 - - 1 0 20 + 10 3 0 - - 10 30 + 10 4 0 - - 1 0 40 + 10 5 0 - - 1 0 50 + 10 6 0 - - 1 0 60 + 10 7 0 - - 1 0 70 + 10 8 0 - - 1 0 80 + 10 9 0 - - 1 0 1 0 + 10 1 o ‘nl. + 1 o ‘nl. = 2 o ‘nl. 1 0 + 1 0 = 20 1. Yozilishini tushuntiring: 20 + 2Q 2 o ‘nl. + 2 o ‘nl. = 4 o ‘nl. 20 + 20 = 40 5 0 + 1 0 5 o ‘nl. + l o ‘nl. = 6 o ‘nl. 5 0 + 1 0 = 60 2 0 + 10 40 + 20 4 0 + 10 60 + 20 201 1 0 0 I C h l D A G I S O N L A R 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 3 0 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 6 3 7 3 8 3 9 keltirildi. Qizil koptoklar 5 ta b o 6Isa, sariq kop- toklar nechta? 4. 2 ta o 6nlik 7 ta birlik, 2 ta o ‘nlik va 9 ta bir- likdan iborat sonlam i yozing. 30 + 5 0 ‘n lik B ir lik 3 6 - 6 1 o ‘ t t iz b ir 30 + 4 30 + 7 2 И o ‘t t iz ik k i 30 + 6 3 4 5 o ‘t t iz t o ‘rt o ‘t t iz b e s h 3 0 - 0 6 o ‘ t t iz o lt i 2 8 - 8 7 o ‘t t i z y e tti 30 + 2 202 0 ‘ n lik B ir lik 1 y ig ir m a b ir Ш Y ig ir m a ik k i 3 y ig ir m a u c h 2 4 y ig ir m a t o ‘rt 5 y ig ir m a b e s h 6 y ig ir m a o lt i 7 y ig ir m a y e t t i 8 y ig ir m a s a k k iz 9 y ig ir m a t o ‘q q iz 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 1 . 4 0 + 1 4 0 + 5 4 0 + 7 4 0 + 6 4 8 - 8 4 3 - 3 4 9 - 9 0 ‘ n lik 3 ir lik 1 q ir q b ir 2 q irq ik k i 3 q irq u c h 4 И q irq t o ‘ rt 5 q irq b e s h 6 q irq o lt i 7 q irq y e t t i 8 q irq s a k k iz 9 q irq t o ‘q q iz 203 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 1 . 5 0 + 1 5 0 + 4 5 0 + 2 5 0 + 5 5 1 - 1 5 4 - 4 5 2 - 2 5 5 - 5 1. 6 0 + 1 6 0 + 4 6 0 + 2 6 0 + 5 6 6 - 6 6 7 - 7 6 8 - 8 6 9 - 9 0 ‘n lik B ir lik 1 e l l i k b ir 2 e l l i k ik k i 3 e l l i k u c h 5 4 e l l i k t o ‘ rt Ш e l l i k b e s h 6 e l l i k o lt i 7 e l l i k y e t t i 8 e l l i k s a k k iz 9 e l l i k t o ‘q q iz 0 ‘n lik B ir lik 1 o lt m i s h b ir 2 o lt m i s h ik k i 3 o l t m i s h u c h 6 4 o lt m i s h t o ‘ rt 5 o lt m i s h b e s h 6 o lt m i s h o lt i 7 o lt m i s h y e tti Ы o lt m i s h s a k k iz 9 o lt m i s h t o ‘q q iz 204 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 7 0 + 5 0 ‘n lik B ir lik 7 0 + 4 1 yetmish bir 7 0 + 8 2 yetmish ikki 7 0 + 3 3 yetmish uch 7 0 + 6 7 4 yetmish to‘rt 7 4 - 4 Ш yetmish besh 7 9 - 9 6 yetmish olti 7 1 - 1 7 yetmish yetti 7 6 - 6 8 yetmish sakkiz 7 7 - 7 9 yetmish to‘qqiz 8 0 8 1 8 2 8 3 8 4 8 5 8 6 8 7 8 8 8 9 1 . 8 0 + 9 8 0 + 8 8 0 + 7 8 0 + 6 8 5 - 5 8 8 - 8 8 3 - 3 8 2 - 2 0 ‘ n lik B ir lik 1 81 2 8 2 И & L 4 8 4 8 5 8 5 6 8 6 7 8 7 8 8 8 s a k s o n 9 8 9 205 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 1. 90 + 4 9 0 + 8 9 0 + 6 9 0 + 9 9 8 - 8 9 5 - 5 97 - 7 9 4 - 4 2. 80 + 2 6 9 - 9 70 + 6 . 9 9 - 2 3. Issiqxonada 4 0 tup oq va 50 tup qizil atirgul bor. Issiqxonada hammasi b o ‘lib necha tup atirgul bor? 4. Son la m in g ayirmasini toping: 0 ‘ n lik B ir lik 1 91 2 9 2 3 9 3 4 9 4 9 5 9 5 6 9 6 И 21 8 9 8 t o ‘q s o n 9 9 9 8 0 + 10 3 0 + 30 70 + 2 0 4 0 + 40 206 Q O ‘ShISh VA AYIRIShNING QULAY USULLARI 1. 37 + 2 = □ 15 + 3 = П / X /X 30 + 7 10 + 5 30 + 7 + 2 10 + 5 + 3 3 0 + ( 7 + 2) 1 0 + (5 + 3) Birliklar birliklarga qo‘shiladi. 5 0 + 1 4 14 + 50 40 + 26 1. Yechimlarini tushuntiring: 5 0 + 1 4 = П 4 0 + 26 / \ / 7 10 + 4 20 + 6 5 0 + 1 0 + 4 40 + 20 + 6 (5 0 + 10) + 4 = 64 (4 0 + 2 0 ) + 6 = 0 ‘nliklar o‘nliklarga qo‘shiIadi. 207 1. 47 - 2 = m 47 - 20 =| Г / \ / \ 40 + 7 4 0 + 7 4 0 + (7 - 2) = 4 0 + 5 = 45 (40 - 2 0 ) + 7 = 2 0 + 7 = 27 0 ‘n lik la rd a n o ‘n lik la r a y ir ila d i. B irlik la r d a n b ir lik la r a y ir ila d i. 1. 32 + 15 = Ш 32 + 1 5 = Ш Л к ------ 3 0 + 2 10+5 3 0 + 1 0 = 4 0 2 + 5 = 7 4 0 + 7 = 4 7 32 + 15 = 47 2. Yozuvlami qarang v a yechilishini tushuntiring: 3 5 + 4 2 = 3 0 + 5 + 4 0 + 2 = 7 0 + 7 = 7 7 2 4 + 3 1 = 2 0 + 4 + 3 0 + 1 = 5 0 + 5 = 5 5 Ikki xonali sonlam i qo‘shishda o ‘nliklarni o‘nliklarga, birliklami birliklarga qo‘shiladi. 208 1. Yechilishini taqqoslang. Qaysi usul oson? 3 8 - 1 7 = Ш 3 0 - 1 0 = 2 0 8 - 7 = 1 2 0 + 1 = 2 1 3 8 - 1 7 = 2 1 3 8 - 1 7 = Ш 3 8 - 1 0 = 2 8 2 8 - 7 = 2 1 3 8 - 1 7 = 2 1 Ikki xonali sonlam i ayirishda o‘nliklar o‘nliklardan, birliklar birliklardan ayriladi. 1 . 1 . 00 1 u> 00 II в 78 - 38 = Ш 70 - 30 = 40 78 - 30 = 48 8 - 8 = 0 4 8 - 8 = 40 4 0 + 0 = 4 0 7 8 - 3 8 = 40 7 8 - 3 8 = 40 54 + 4 6 = Ш 54 + 4 6 = Ш 50 + 40 = 90 54 + 4 0 = 94 4 + 6 = 10 9 4 + 6 = 1 0 0 9 0 + 10 = 100 54 + 4 6 = 100 54 + 4 6 = 100 100-8 100 - 72 1. Yechimlarini tushuntiring: 1 0 0 - 8 = 1 0 0 - 7 2 = 10 + 9 0 = 100 10 + 9 0 = 100 1 0 - 8 = 2 10 - 2 = 8 9 0 + 2 = 92 9 0 - 7 0 = 20 1 0 0 - 8 = 92 2 0 + 8 = 28 209 Н аг b ir so n n i b ir x il q o ‘s h ilu v c h ila m in g y ig ‘in d is i k o ‘r in is h id a ta s v irla n g . 1 2 = 10 = ....+ .... 18 = .... + .... 15 = .... + ....+ .... 12 = .... + .... 16 = .... + .... B o ‘lis h a m a lin i o ‘rg a n is h g a ta y y o rla s h m a q s a d la rid a 1 -sin fd a a m a liy m a s h q la r b a ja ris h g a o id ish n a z a rd a tu tila d i. II bosqich. K o ‘p a y tir is h v a b o M ish n in g ja d v a l u s u lin i o n g li o ‘z la s h tiris h u c h u n a s o s b o ‘la d ig a n n a z a riy m a s a la lm i q a ra s h , k o ‘p a y tir is h a m a lin in g k o n k r e t m a z m u n in i o c h is h b ir x il q o ‘s h ilu v - c h ila m in g y ig N n d isin i to p is h g a d o ir m a s a la n i y e c h is h d a n b o s h la s h m u m k in . B u n d a y m a s a la la m i y e c h is h d a f o y d a la n ila d ig a n k o ‘rsa t- m a lilik b o la la r g a b a r b ir k o n k r e t h o ld a q a y s i q o ‘s h ilu v c h i ta k ro r- la n a y o tg a n in i tu s h in ib o lis h la r ig a y o r d a m b e ra d i. Q o ‘s h is h va k o ‘p a y tiris h o ra s id a g i b o g ‘la n ish n i o ‘q u v c h ila r o n g li o ‘z la s h tiris h la ri u c h u n q u y id a g ic h a m a s h q la m i b a ja r is h m a q s a d g a m u v o fiq : 1. Q o ‘s h is h g a o id m is o lla rn i k o ‘p a y tiris h g a o id m is o lla r b ila n a lm a s h tiriiig : 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 = 2 . N a tija la m i h is o b la n g v a m u m k in b o ‘lg a n o ‘rin la rd a q o ‘s h is h - g a d o ir m is o lla rn i k o ‘p a y tir is h g a d o ir m is o lla r b ila n a lm a s h tirin g : 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 8 + 8 + 8 + 9 = 7 + 7 + 7 + 7 + 7 = 9 + 9 + 9 + 4 + 4 + 5 = 3. K o ‘p a y tir is h g a d o ir m is o lla rn i q o ‘s h is h g a d o ir m is o lla r b ila n a lm a s h tirin g v a n a tija la rn i h iso b la n g : 4 x 2 , 5 x 3 , 3x 7 . 4. I fo d a la m i ta q q o s la n g v a “ 4 ” , “ < ” y o k i “ = ” b e lg ila r id a n te - g is h lis in i q o ‘y in g . 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 4 x 3 7 x 4 * 7 + 7 + 7 + 7 9 x 6 9 + 9 + 9 + 9 210 5. B irin c h i m is o l n a tija s i b o ‘y ic h a ik k in c h i m is o l n a tija s in i to p in g : 5 x 7 = 3 5 8 x 3 = 2 4 5 x 8 = 8 x 4 = B o i i s h n i n g k o n k re t m a ’n o s i o ld in m a z m u n ig a k o ‘r a bo M ish g a d o ir m a s a la la r y e c h is h d a o c h ib b e rila d i. 2 - s i n f u c h u n m a te m a tik a d a r s lig id a k o ‘p a y tm a n in g o ‘rin al- m a s h tir is h x o s s a s i k a ta k la r, d o ir a c h a la r, tu g m a la r, y u ld u z c h a la r va h o k a z o la r q a to rid a n f o y d a la n ib k o ‘rs a tm a li tu s h u n tirila d i. M a s a la n , o lq u v c h ila r t o ‘g ‘ri t o ‘r tb u rc h a k c h iz is h a d i, u n i k v a d r a tla r g a b o ‘ li- s h a d i. H a m m a s i b o ‘lib n e c h ta k v a d ra t h o s il b oM ganini ik k i u su l b ila n b ilis h t a k l i f e tila d i. ( 5 x 3 = 15, 3 x 5 = 15) s h u n g a o ‘x s h a s h to p s h iriq la m i b a ja ris h ja r a y o n id a o ‘q u v c h ila r x o s s a n i m u s ta q il ifo d a la y d ila r. K o ‘p a y tu v - c h ila m in g o ‘rin la rin i a lm a s h tir is h d a n k o ‘p a y tm a o ‘z g a rm a y d i. K o ‘p a y tir is h b ila n ta n is h tiris h d a g i n a v b a td a g i q a d a m k o ‘p a y tir is h a m a li k o m p o n e n tla ri b ila n n a tija s i o ra s id a g i b o g M a n ish la m i q a ra s h - d a n ib o ra t. B u b o g N a n is h k o ‘rs a tm a - q o ‘lla n m a la r y o r d a m id a o c h ib b e r ila d i. M a s a la n , k o ‘p a y tiris h a m a li o ‘rin a lm a s h tiris h x o s s a s in i o c h ib b o ris h d a is h la tila d ig a n q o ‘lla n m a d a n fo y d a la n ib , o ‘q u v c h ila r o ld in k o ‘p a y tiris h g a d o ir m is o l tu z a d ila r. 5 x 3 = 15 K e y in b u m is o l b o ‘y ic h a b o ‘lis h g a d o ir ik k ita m is o l tu z a d ila r: 3 0 : 5 = 6 , 3 0 : 3 = 10. B u n d a n o ‘q u v c h ila r m u s ta q il x u lo s a c h iq a ra d ila r: a g a r ik k i so n n in g k o ‘p a y tm a s in i k o ‘p a y tu v c h ila rd a n b irig a b o ‘lin s a , ik k in c h i k o ‘p a y tu v c h i c h iq a d i. K o ‘p a y tiris h a m a lin in g k o m p o n e n tla ri b ila n n a tija s i o ‘r ta s id a o ‘rn a tilg a n b o g ‘ la n ish h a r x il to p s h iriq la m i b a ja ris h b ila n m u s ta h - k a m la n a d i. 6 x 4 = 2 4 , 4 x 6 = 2 4 , 2 8 : 4 = 7 , 2 4 : 7 = 6 K e y in r o q b o N ish a m a li k o m p o n e n tla ri b ila n n a tija s i o ra s id a g i b o g ‘ la n is h m a s a la s i s h u n g a o ‘x s h a s h h a l e tila d i. B irg a h a r q a n d a y s o n g a k o ‘p a y tir is h d a k o ‘p a y tm a d a s h u so n h o - siL boM adi: 1 x 0 = 0 . 211 |
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