Boshlang'ich sinflarda matematika o'qitish metodikasi
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2. О ‘quvchilarning о 'quv matematikfaoliyatiga rahbarlik qilish
D a rs d a o ‘q itu v c h i o ‘q u v c h ila m i o ‘q ita d i, o ‘q u v c h ila r e s a o ‘q iy d i d e g a n fik m i b o s h q a s o ‘z la rd a q u y id a g ic h a ifo d a la s h m u m k in : o ‘q u v c h ila r , u q u v , m a la k a v a b ilim la m i e g a lla y d ila r, o ‘q itu v c h ila r e s a b ilim n i e g a lla s h ja r a y o n ig a ra h b a rlik q ila d ila r. B u ra h b a rlik o ‘q itu v c h in in g o ‘q u v c h ila r o ‘q u v fa o liy a tin i ta s h k il q ilis h d a n ib o r a t b o i a d i . B u n in g u c h u n o ‘q itu v c h i k e ra k li m a te ria l ta n la y d i, u n i m a ’lu m k e tm a - k e tlik d a jo y la s h tir a d i, o ‘q u v c h ila rg a b ilim m a n b a la rin i ta v s iy a q ila d i, o ‘q u v c h ila m in g o ‘z la s h tiris h b o ‘y ic h a fa o liy a tin i ta s h k il e ta d i, b ilim n i o ‘z la s h tiris h ja r a y o n i q a n d a y o ‘tis h in i n a z o ra t q ila d i. 0 ‘q u v Q h ila m in g m a te m a tik b ilim la m i o ‘z la s h tiris h ja r a y o n i q i- y in ja ra y o n d ir . B u n i m a te m a tik tu s h u n c h a la m in g v u ju d g a k e lis h in i h a q q o n iy a n g la g a n d a g in a t o ‘g ‘ri tu s h u n is h m u m k in . « M a te m a tik a b ilim la r v a u n in g h a q iq a tlig i b iz n in g a tro fim iz d a tu r g a n n a r s a la r n in g m a v ju d lig ig a , u n i k u z a tis h v a ta jr ib a la r g a b o g ‘liq e m a s , k u z a tis h v a ta jr ib a b iz g a fa q a t s o n la r v a g e o m e tr ik tu s h u n c h a la m in g h o s il b o M ishiga m a y l b a g ‘is h la y d i. L e k in h a q iq a tn i ta s a v v u r q ilis h g a a s o s a n m a te m a tik tu s h u n c h a la r b iz d a n ta s h q a rid a g i n a r s a la r n in g x o s s a la rin i a k s e ttira d i. S o n tu s h u n c h a s i y o k i f ig u ra tu - 45 sh u n c h a s i b iz d a n ta s h q a rid a g i n a rs a la rn in g x u s u s iy a tla rid a n k e lib c h iq q a n . M a te m a tik tu s h u n c h a la m in g v u ju d g a k e lis h in i b u n d a y tu s h u n is h y o s h m a k ta b o ‘q u v c h ila rin in g ta s h q i o la m o b e k tla r ig a x o s b o N g a n fa z o v iy s h a k l, m iq d o riy m u n o s a b a tla m i o ‘r g a n is h la m i ta r b i y a la y d i. B o la hali m a k ta b g a k e lm a s d a n tu rib o ‘y in b ila n ish k o ‘ra d i-y u t o ‘p la m d a n u n in g a y rim e le m e n tla m i ax tarad i, e le m e n tla m i to ‘p la m g a b irla sh tira d i, to ‘p la m la m i y ig ‘adi, to ‘p la m d a n u n in g q ism in i ajra tad i, to ‘p la m la m i ta q q o sla y d i, te n g so n li to ‘p la m la m i ajratad i. N a r s a la r t o ‘p la m i b ila n o lib b o r ilg a n h a m m a s h u k a b i a m a liy h a r a k a tla r v a k a tta la r b ila n d o im iy a lo q a n a tu ra l so n tu s h u n c h a s in in g s h a k lla n is h ig a o lib k e la d i. K u b la rd a n , g N s h tla rd a n , lo y la rd a n , h a r x il « y a s a s h la m i» b a ja r ish , r a s m v a b o s h q a sh u k a b i fa o liy a tla ri u la rg a sh a k l, o N c h o v , p r e d m e tla m in g o ‘z a r o jo y la s h is h la r i b ila n ta n is h is h ig a im k o n b e ra d i. B u e s a g e o m e tr ik tu s h u n c h a la m in g s h a k lla n is h id a a s o s b o N ib x iz m a t q ila d i. S h u n d a y q ilib , b o la la r b o s h la n g N c h m a te m a tik b ilim la m i, o ‘z la rin in g k a tta b o N m a g a n s h a x s iy ta jr ib a la rid a , m u s ta q il le k in k a t ta la r b ila n m u n o s a b a tn in g t a ’siri b o N g a n h o ld a e g a lla y d i. 0 ‘q itu v c h i b o la la m in g b ilim la rin i a n iq la y d i, u la m i to N d ira d i v a s h u p o y d e v o rg a y a n g i b ilim la m i o ‘z la s h tiris h n i ta s h k il e ta d i. Y a n g i b ilim la m i b u n d a y e g a lla s h , y a n g i fa k t v a tu s h u n c h a la rn i k u z a tis h a s o s id a m u s ta q il is h la s h i, s h u n in g d e k , k is h ila r to m o n id a n is h la n g a n b ilim la m i e g a lla s h b ila n o lib b o r is h m u m k in . B u n d a y a n g i b ilim la m i e g a lla s h y a n g i v a o ld in g i b ilim la r o r a s id a g i ta rifla n g a n tu s h u n c h a la r v a y a n g i fa k tla r o r a s id a g i q a r a m a - q a r s h ilik la m i h a l q ilis h a s o s id a b o ra d i. T u s h u n c h a la r o ‘q u v c h i o n g id a o ‘z g a r is h s iz q o lm a s d a n u la r sh a k la n o ‘z g a ra d i, riv o jla n a d i. M a s a la n : o ‘q u v v a h a y o td a g i a m a liy ta jr ib a la r a s o s id a p r e d m e t la r t o ‘p la m in i ta q q o s la s h , s o lis h tiris h , k e s m a la r u z u n lig in i s o lis h ti- ris h , s h u n in g d e k , m a s a la la r y e c h is h o rq a li b o la la r a s o s iy b e lg ila m i o ‘z la s h tirib o la d i: a y irm a a y iris h d a n k e lib c h iq a d i v a b i r s o n n in g ik k in c h i s o n d a n q a n c h a o rtiq y o k i k a m lig in i k o ‘rsa ta d i. S h u n d a y q ilib , o ‘q u v c h ila m in g o ‘q itu v c h i r a h b a rlig id a b ilim la m i e g a lla s h ja r a y o n in i q u y id a g ic h a ifo d a la s h m u m k in . I. B o la n in g sh a x s iy h a y o tiy ta jrib a s i v a o ld in e g a lla g a n b ilim la ri. 46 II. M a k ta b d a ta s h k il q ilin g a n ta jrib a : k u z a tis h , la b o ra to r iy a v a b o s h q a a m a liy ish la r. - III .T o ‘p la n g a n ta jrib a , k ito b la r d a b o s ilg a n b ilim la r. IV . B ilim la m i o ‘q u v - a m a liy v a h a y o tiy - a m a liy is h la r d a q o ‘lla sh . 3. О 'qituvchi va о ‘quvchilar faoliyati orasidagi moslik 0 ‘q u v c h ila m in g b ilim o lis h la ri v a o ‘q itu v c h in in g u n g a ra h b a r- lig in i q u y id a g ic h a k o ‘r s a tis h m u m k in : 0 ‘qituvchining faoliyati: 0 ‘quvchilar faoliyati: 1. 0 ‘quvchilam ing bilim ini s o ‘rash, suhbat, hisoblash, m asalalar yechish uchun am aliy topshiriqlar berish asosida o ‘quvchilar bilim ini aniqlash. 2. K o ‘rgazm ali qurol va vositalam i nam oyish qilish va kuzatishni tashkil qilish. 3. Suhbat, tushunti-rishlam i bo g ‘la gan holda bilim lam i bayon qilish, ki tob bilan ishlashni uyush-tirish. 4. M ashqlam i uyushtirish: 0 ‘quvchi- lam ing o ‘quv-am aliy va hayotiy - am aliy ishlarini tashkil etish. 5. S o‘rash va am aliy ishlam i bajarish b o ‘yicha topshiriq berish y o ‘li bilan o ‘quvchi-larbilim ini tekshirish. 1. 0 ‘qituvchi savollariga jav o b berish, o ‘lchash, hisoblash, m a salalar yec-hish yordam ida top shiriqlar bajarish. 2. O avsiya qilingan o ‘bektlar ustida kuzatish, tahlil, sintez, taqqoslash, um um lashtirish, d e duktiv xulosalar chiqarish. 3. 0 ‘qituvchining bayonini tin- glash kitob o ‘qish, faktlam i um um lashtirish v a eslash. 4. Egallangan bilim lam i am aliy ishlam i bajarishga q o ‘llash, oldin egallangan bilim lam i o‘zgargan sharoitda qoMlash. 5. 0 ‘qituvchining savollariga ja v o b berish, am aliy ishlam i b a jarish. 47 |
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