Chapter I. Reflection of the combination of national mentality and language through numeral components in numerological phraseological units on the material of english and uzbek languages

Figure 1.2.
Z. V. Korzyukova's analysis of phraseological units:

1. Phraseological units that represent English and Uzbek people's customs and traditions.

In Uzbek, there is a phraseological unit ''To'yga borsang, to'yib bor, to'y to'ningni kiyib bor'' that illustrates practices and customs. This phraseologism means that a person who goes to a wedding should go there not only to eat meals, but also to greet the wedding guests and accompany them in their happy moments. Besides, the guest should wear his clothes suitable for the feast according to uzbek culture. In English language there is a proverb: ''After dinner sit a while after supper walk a mile''. Dinner is typically thought of as the primary meal consumed in the evening in either Britain or America, though it can also refer to a meal consumed during the day. Additionally, dinner refers to a formal nighttime social gathering where food is served. Additionally, since supper is a light meal, it can be followed by exercise, whereas dinner is a substantial meal that calls for idleness to promote digestion.
2. Phraseological units related to Uzbek and English realia.
Realia is defined as a word or phrase that is culturally unique and is frequently difficult, if not impossible, to translate into the target language. ''To come to the end of ones tether'' is one of realia included phraseological units that means to reach one's maximum.The term has a straightforward genesis in the rope or chain used to tether horses or other animals that consumed grass to a stake. It could only forage within the boundaries set by the tether. Its resources for sustenance and exercise were exhausted there. In Uzbek, there are many phraseologisms associated with realia. For example, ''to'nini teskari kiymoq'' (to get angry), kavushini to'g'rilab qo'ymoq'' ( to punish), ''aravani quruq olib qochmoq'' (to boast).
3. Phraseologism associated with famous Uzbek/English people. ''According to Cocker'' in English means following requirements and rules. Cocker is a scientist well-known for his work in mathematics and arithmetic. He wrote an arithmetic textbook that became quite popular in the 17th century. In the Uzbek language, ''Padarkush Abdullatif'' can be taken as an example. This term refers to someone who has a brutally negative attitude toward his father. Abdullatif was the Temurid Mirzo Ulugbek's son. He was the only irritable son who overdrank and killed his father.
4. Phraseological units associated with superstitions.
In English language, ''a black sheep'' is a phraseme that os connected with superstitions. This idiom refers to the humiliation of the family and is based on the antiquated notion that a black sheep bears the devil's seal. Uzbek people have an idiom ''qirmich yegan qiz'' and they utilize it for the girls whose wedding is in rainy day. The residue from the cooked milk is called component "qirmich." No one can explain why this product is used to describe a wet wedding day; it has Uzbek superstation roots.
5. Phraseological units associated with astrology.
In English, ''Once on a blue moon '' is a prior example of this group. It indicates an unanual occurrence. It's unclear where this expression came from, but one theory is that there are typically 12 full moons a year, one for each month. However, there are two full moons in a month just once every three years. This only occurs once every blue moon. ''To believe in one's star'' is another example of this category and means ''to believe in one's destiny ''. In Uzbek, ''yettinchi osmonda yurmoq'' (to be extremely excitad), fig'oni falakka chiqmoq'' (to get nervous), ''yulduzni benarvon urmoq'' (to be very skillful to do something) are phrases that demonstrate the relationship between Uzbek culture and astrology.
6. Phraseological units derived from fables and folktales.
The phrase "in borrowed plumes," in English refers to "a showy display that is not truly one's own," originated with the American silent film In Borrowed Plumes. Another example is ''a dog manger''. A person who keeps others from having what they would find useful or valuable is referred to as "a dog in the manger" since they have no need for or capacity to use it. This expression was inspired by the legend of the dog who lay in a manger to stop the cow and horse from eating the hay in the late 16th century. Usage of phraseology in Uzbek "Jasadidan eshak hurkadi," which means "an conceited, impolite, and ruthless person," was first used in the classic Uzbek novel "Otamdan qolgan dalalar" by Togay Murod. Because he employs crude language to refer to his shortcomings, this phrase gives the impression that the speaker is a nasty person.
7. Phraseological units associated with legends.
The term "Trojan horse" refers to a covert method of introducing something negative or destructive. The next phrase is "Halcyon days," which refers to tranquil, peaceful, and calm days. Old folklore holds that at the winter solstice, when the sea is quiet for about two weeks, the Halcyon Kingfisher delivers chickens to the nest floating in the water. The phraseological unit "Ayamajuz olti kun, qahri kelsa qattiq kun" is frequently used in Uzbek. The name of a folklore character is Ayamajuz. According to stories, this artwork represents how prehistoric people felt about the natural occurrence of seasons changing. Each of his 90 sons was given the responsibility of keeping the winter days chilly. Ayamajuz sends her "colds" a week before Navruz if it's warm outside during the winter and tells her sons, "You don't have to come to me one day," if it's warm.
8. Phraseologisms that reflect the historical facts.
In English, the nine of diamonds is known as "The Curse of Scotland. "Historically, the playing card that resembles the Count of Dilprim Steyner's symbol sparked animosity in Scotland because of his pro-British stance. "Hobson's choice" is another illustration of the phrase "no choice. "It was based on the actual fact that Hobson, a liveryman in Cambridge during the 16th century, required his customers to only buy the horse that was closest to the door leading out. "Bo'ji keldi, Bo'ji keldi, Chingiz bilan Jo'ji keldi"¹⁵ is an expression that refers to historical truth in Uzbek. This proverb has the three historical names Bo'ji, Chingiz, and Jo'ji. These are the names of the Chengizkhan's sons who invaded. These names are mentioned in this proverb to illustrate the Mongol invasion's significance in our lengthy history. The populace anticipated their approach and believed they would be wiped out. In this sense, their names have been employed in figurative language and folk proverbs. The Uzbek people have a tradition that says that whenever a youngster disobeyed their parents, they would use this saying to scare them.
Phraseology includes historical information, social and political issues, conventions, traditions, and cultural values. These themes provide similar thematic domains in languages, such as the environment, economic and social life, emotions, personality traits, ethics, and so on. As they have evolved into actual cultural icons of the cultures, phraseological units are founded on psychological and linguistic components that might be either unique or universal. They can be more or less expressive and appear more or less frequently in the current language. Finally, it's critical to remember that phraseological units are linguistic devices that are significant to both culture and nation.
Phraseological units are among the most important sources of knowledge about a country's culture, national character, psychological quirks, and mindset. The phraseological wealth of the language provides pupils with access to a great spiritual wealth of the country while also serving as the most crucial tool for interactivity and intercultural connection.
Idioms enhance our speech and serve as expressive tools. The phraseological units represent cultural and national quirks in a symbolic manner. An interpretation of the figurative basis in a distinct cultural and national space of the linguistic group is how the cultural and national characteristics are to be highlighted. Phraseological units frequently represent the unique cultural characteristics of the language to which they belong, as well as the history of that country, its perspective on the outside world, its prejudices. Additionally, phraseological units make up a significant portion of linguistics and are typically derived from cultural traditions, national proverbs, and prejudices. All languages have similar phraseological units, but each has a different way of expressing them.

The translation process reveals their unique national and cultural characteristics. Phraseological units help students develop their speech activity by allowing them to express their own attitudes toward facts or phenomena. In doing so, they help them develop their communicative competence in a foreign language. Phraseological units do this by using their expressive form to transmit the meaning of the message with a high degree of emotional coloring. The desire to learn different languages is also boosted. Lessons become richer in content and significance.

Because it maintains the ideas of people on myths, customs, ceremonies, rituals, habits, morals, behavior, the phraseological fund of the language is the most precious source of knowledge about culture and mentality of the nation.
Phraseological units preserve and transmit cultural attitudes and preconceptions, standards, and archetypes from generation to generation, showing a long evolution of the nation's culture in its semantics. Phraseological units, in the opinion of F. I. Buslaev, are odd microcosms. They are made up of "both the moral law and the common sense, expressed in a short saying, which were entrusted to the descendants by their ancestors" (source). Any national language's soul is where the essence and originality of the country are represented in a distinctive way.
The combination of national mentality and language can be reflected in various aspects of language, including numerological phraseological units. Numerological phraseological units are phrases or expressions that contain a numerical component, such as "a baker's dozen" or "lucky seven." These phrases often have cultural or historical significance and can reveal insights into a culture's values and beliefs.
In the case of English and Uzbek languages, the numerological phraseological units may reflect the cultural and linguistic differences between the two nations. For example, in English, the number "13" is often considered unlucky, while in Uzbek culture, the number "13" is not necessarily viewed as unlucky. In the novel "Dracula" by Bram Stoker, Dracula is said to have 13 boxes filled with earth that he uses to sustain himself during his travels. In "The Thirteenth Tale" by Diane Setterfield, the number 13 is associated with a tragic event that occurred in the past, causing the main character to fear the number.
Similarly, the number "7" is often considered lucky in many cultures, including English, but may not necessarily be viewed the same way in Uzbek culture.
Moreover, the specific phrases and expressions used in numerological phraseological units may also reveal cultural and linguistic differences. For example, in English, the phrase "a baker's dozen" refers to 13 items, while in Uzbek, a similar phrase may not exist or may refer to a different number of items. Similarly, the phrase "lucky seven" in English may have a different equivalent in Uzbek or may not exist at all.
Overall, the combination of national mentality and language can be reflected in numerological phraseological units in various ways. By examining these units in different languages, we can gain insights into cultural and linguistic differences and similarities between nations.