Content I. Introduction II. Main part Approaches of Curriculum 4

The Procedural Approach

Sometimes, it's called Dynamic Approach which takes into consideration the background and experience of students & teachers. The curriculum elements are seen as flexible, interactive and modifiable ( Sharma et al., 2004:37-67).

3. 
   The Interactive Approach
   

Interactive approach follows a "subjectivist", process-oriented paradigm. It puts emphasis on participation and interaction among the various interested groups or educational stakeholders. The goal is to stimulate different actors to participate in a dynamic, interactive process that allows their perceptions of the "ideal curriculum" to be made explicit and then made compatible and/or modified as necessary to produce the curriculum. (Van Crowder, 1997:54),

4. The Participatory Approach

Soundly , the participatory approach can be guided by outside curriculum development "experts" or staff internal to the educational institution. It emphasizes a participatory mode of action based on an inventory of stakeholder groups and the nature of their interests, and in an interactive manner elicits their input to the curriculum (e.g., through interviews, consultations, post-hoc evaluations).It recognizes the need for concrete participation by curriculum stakeholders and makes provisions for their ongoing involvement in curriculum innovation. It also recognizes the key role of teaching staff and the need to develop their skills to carry out curriculum development and to evaluate/monitor the outcomes (Gregory,2000: 185) .

5. 
   The Humanistic-Aesthetic Approach
   

Argumentatively, those who favor the rational approach miss the artistic and personal aspects of curriculum and instruction. It is rooted in progressive philosophy which promotes the liberation of learners from authoritarian teachers (Ornstein and Hunkins, 1988:89 - 93).

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