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References
Byram, M. and Morgan, C. (1994) Teaching and Learning, Language and Culture 
(Clevedon: Multilingual Matters Ltd.).
Fiedler, F., Mitchell, T. and Triandis, H. (1971) ‘The Cultural Assimilator: An Approach 
to Cross- Cultural Training’, Journal of Applied Psychology 55: 95–102.
Schneider, S. and Barsoux, J- L. (2003) Managing Across Cultures, 2nd edn (Upper Saddle 
River, NJ: Prentice Hall).
Trompenaars, F. and Hampden- Turner, C. (1997) Riding the Waves of Culture (London: 
Nicholas Brealey Publications).
Yin, R. (1994) Case Study Research: Design and Methods (London: Sage Publications).
Further reading
Bennett, R., Aston, A. and Colquhoun, T. (2001) ‘ Cross- Cultural Training: A Critical 
Step in Ensuring the Success of International Assignments’, Human Resource 
Management 39(2): 239–50.
Brislin, R. (1981)  Cross- Cultural Encounters (New York: Pergamon Press).
Brislin, R. and Yoshida, T. (1994) Intercultural Communication Training: An Introduction 
(London: Sage Publications).
Brown, D. (2000) Principles of Language Learning and Teaching, 4th edn (New York: 
Longman).
Byram, M. (ed.) (2001) Developing Intercultural Competence in Practice (Bristol: 
Multilingual Matters Ltd.).
Eurostat (2009) Eurostat Yearbook – Education.
Fowler, S. (2005) ‘Training Across Cultures: What Cultures Bring to Diversity Training’, 
International Journal of Cultural Relations 30(2): 401–11.
Geber, G. (1991) ‘Virtual Teams’, Training (April): 36–40.
Gesteland, R. (1999)  Cross- Cultural Business Behaviour (Copenhagen Business School 
Press).
Graf, F. (2004) ‘Assessing Intercultural Training’, Journal of Industrial Training 
4(2): 199–214.
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Teaching Cross- Cultural Communication 293
Hadley, A. (2000) Teaching Language in Context, 3rd edn (Independence, KY: Heinle).
Holliday, A., Hyde, M. and Kullman, J. (2004) Intercultural Communication: 
An Advanced Resource Book (London: Routledge).
Hurn, B. (2011) ‘Simulation Training Methods to Develop Cultural Awareness’, 
Industrial and Commercial Training 43(4): 199–206.
Kramsch, C. (1998) Context and Culture in Language Teaching (Oxford University 
Press).
Landis, P., Bennett, J. and Bennett, M. (2003) Handbook of Intercultural Training 
(Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications).
O’Sullivan, K. (1994) Understanding Ways: Communication Between Cultures (Sydney: 
Hale and Iremonger).
Seelye, H. (1993) Teaching Culture: Strategies for Intercultural Communication 
(Lincolnwood, IL: National Textbook Company).
Storti, C. (1999) Figuring Foreigners Out: A Practical Guide (Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural 
Press).
Tomalin, B. (2009) ‘Instruments for Intercultural Business Training’, in A. Feng, 
M. Byram and M. Fleming (eds), Becoming Interculturally Competent through Education 
and Training (Bristol: Multilingual Matters).
Tung, R. (1981) ‘Selection and Training of Personnel for Overseas’, Columbia Journal 
of World Business 16(1): 68–78.
Wild, J., Wild, K. and Han, J. (2006) International Business: The Challenge of Globalisation 
(Harlow: Pearson).

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294
Index
Abercrombie, D. 89
accent 80, 
83
Accenture International Women’s Day 
Survey 134
acceptance stage 59–60
access to markets 212
achievement/ascription cultures 50–1
acknowledgement 87
action chain 26
Action- Centred Leadership 127
active listening 86–7
Adair, J. 127
adaptation stage 60, 88
adjustment stage 115–16
Adler, N. 111, 118, 172
Aérospatiale 259
affective versus neutral 49–50
affection 146
affirmative action 194–5
Africa/Africans 9, 25, 33, 41, 56, 69
communication skills 82, 90
globalization 215, 
221
multiculturalism and diversity 201
negotiations 165
teamworking 151
technology transfer 244
agendas 151–2, 
171–2
agents and mediators 171
agreement in meetings 155
aid advisers 244–5, 245
airlines 231
Akhihito, Emperor 92
alienation 119
Alliance Française 228
ambiguity 14, 16, 113
American English 71–2, 72
Amsterdam Treaty 1999 197
Anglophone cultures 32–3, 35–6, 41, 63
Anholt, S. 232–4, 236
animated profiling 268–9
Annan, Kofi 171, 231
anthropology 3
anti- corruption laws 168
‘any other business’ 173
APEC 209
Aperian model 268–9
Apollo Syndrome 145
Apple 217
apologies 167
appearance 93
Arab Spring 209
Arab countries/Arabs 22, 25, 31, 33, 
35–6, 56, 58
communication skills 90–1, 93–4
negotiations 166, 168, 171, 186–8
teamworking 150–3
Arctic region 221
Argentina 221
arigata meiwaku viii
Armstrong, A. 129
artificial languages 68–9
arts 225, 
229
ascriptive cultures 51
Ashridge Business School 100
Asia/Asians 7, 9, 25–7, 31–3, 36, 38, 
39, 49, 56
communication skills 79, 81–3, 92
leadership 138
multiculturalism and diversity 205
negotiations 169
teamworking 146, 148, 152–3
technology transfer 244
see also individual regions/countries
assessment centres 103–4
assimilation of immigrants 194, 202
assumption of similarities 13
asylum seekers 204
attendance of meetings 153
audience expectations 82–3
Aung San Suu Kyi 191, 231
Australia/Australians 9, 22, 25, 31, 33, 
69, 71, 194–5, 203–4
authority issues 51, 130
see also seniority
back- up team- roles 143
bad language 80
BAE Systems 246

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Index 295
Barakat, H. 90
barriers to communication 10–12,