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39, 182–4, 184, 
185
dynamism values 39
Constructiones and Aeronautica 253
consultative processes 33–4
consumer tastes 248
containerization 220
contextualization 12
continuum approach 47, 53
control 146
convergence 43
conversational overlap 80
coping strategies xi, xiii, 116–17, 121
corporate culture 6, 30, 44, 109, 147, 
245
corporate power 217
Costa 220
costs 99, 
107
country of origin effect 232
country- specific briefings 109, 278–80
courtesy 81
Cox, T. 142
Cranfield University 145
creole 69, 
71
crisis stage 114
criteria for overseas personnel 101
critical incident scenarios 188, 280–2
criticism, direct/indirect 15
cross- cultural learning process 59
cross- cultural traits 267–72
cross- national advertising 138
‘crusade’ 166
Crystal, David 63, 65
culinary diplomacy 231
cultural assimilator 282–3
cultural awareness development 101
cultural convergence 217
cultural determinism 44–5
cultural divergence 218
cultural diplomacy xiii, 224–5
evolution of 225–6
instruments of 228, 228–32

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Index 297
smart power 227–8
soft power 226–7
cultural diversity xii, xiii, 13, 48, 142, 
145
definition 191
cultural imperialism 216–17, 237
cultural missions 228–9
cultural pluralism 193–4
cultural profiling
clusters 263
definition 259–60
fault lines 264–5
key indicators 261–3
limitations 271–2
personality factors/ cross- cultural 
traits 265–72
resources 261
types of 261
cultural values 42, 44–5, 52–3, 237, 
260, 285–9
culture
definitions 4, 4–5, 48
explicit 5
invisible 5
and language 58
manifestations of 41–2
CULTURE ACTIVE profile 268
culture capsules 282
culture gap 95
culture shock viii, xiii, 59, 105, 111–12
cycle 122
responses to 113–14
stages of 114–16
symptoms 113
culture- distance concept 112
culture- rich approach 142
Culturesfrance 229
cyclic time 58
Cyprus 265
Czech Republic 49, 248
Daimler- Benz Aerospace 253
Daniels, J. 247
Davies, G. 142
Davos meetings 209
Dayton Peace Accords 171
decision making 182
deductive/inductive approaches 175
defence stage 59
democracy 227
democratic leadership 130
denial stage 59
Denmark 36, 
129
Department for International 
Development 244
details and suggestions 
communicators 7–8, 
83
Deutsche Welle 231
developing countries 50
Developmental Model of Intercultural 
Sensitivity 58–9
diasporas 232
difference, accepting 16, 88
diffuse versus specific 50
diplomacy 163, 
167
direct/indirect communicators 7
disappearing languages 64–5
DISC profile 267
distance 94
distortion 11
Diverse Europe at Work Project 205
diversity 195–6
diversity team roles 143
Doha Conference 214
Domino’s Pizza 256
Douste- Blazy, Philippe 229
Dowling, P. 142
dual career problem 107, 134
Dutch see The Netherlands
East Asia 146
Eastern Europeans 33, 43, 66, 73, 242, 
248, 276
ECOLE approach 262–3
economic factors 234, 265
economic imperialism 221
The Economist 102, 
134
Eddington, Rod 231
educational issues 134, 137, 175, 227, 
260, 271
Edwards, T. 137
Egypt 95
electronic communication 81
emails 81–2
emotional/neutral communicators 9, 
49–50
emotive words 85
empathy 87–8
English ‘borrowings’ from other 
languages 63

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298 Index
English as an international language 72
English language 62–5, 212, 217, 229, 
276
advantages/disadvantages 65–8, 
166
varieties of 69–72
entertainment 26, 
234
environmental issues 220, 227, 252, 
254
equality 195–7
Equality and Human Rights 
Commission 197
Esperanto 68
Estuary English 72
ethnicities 43, 
196, 
196
ethnocentrism 12–13, 58–9, 195–6
ethnorelativism 59–60
etiquette 164, 168, 180, 182, 260, 
262–3
EU Charter of Fundamental Rights 
1989 197
Euromanagers 102
Europanto 68–9
European Airbus 253
European Survey on Language 
Competence 74
European Union (EU) 66–7, 73–4, 132, 
163, 166, 196, 205, 209, 212, 233
Europeans 8, 
21, 
145