English Grammar: a resource Book for Students
B4.1 Distinguishing adverb types
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English Grammar- A Resource Book for Students
B4.1 Distinguishing adverb types
Many adverbs may belong to more than one type, as in these examples: a) Adverb of time: Then we left. b) Linking adverb: As the table shows, there are several cases which would appear to break the rules quite significantly. First of all, then , identify the most significant exceptions. c) Comment adverb: Happily , she smiled at him. d) Adverb of manner: She smiled at him happily. In b) then indicates that the second sentence is a consequence of the first. In c) happily indicates the speaker’s feeling (relief) about her smile, while in d) it indicates the manner in which she smiled. 96 D E V E L O P M E N T It is sometimes said that hopefully should not be used as a comment adverb, only as an adverb of manner (meaning ‘in a hopeful way’), e.g. ‘He travelled hopefully’, not ‘Hopefully, it won’t rain’. However, this use is quite common, and many other -ly adverbs are used in this way, e.g. happily, as we have seen. See if you can distinguish the two uses in the sentences below. 1. They pressed their noses hopefully against the shop window. 2. Hopefully we will do well. 3. ‘The train won’t be late’, he said hopefully. 4. Hopefully, I can take the chance with both hands. 5. These seats will hopefully be more comfortable. Look at these sentences for ‘however’ and distinguish between its two uses. You are probably familiar with one of them, but the other may be unknown; see if you can identify and name it according to the types described above. 1. One thing that was always clear, however, was his singing. 2. However strange you find it, do not be distracted. 3. You must put up with the pain, however terrible. 4. However, he is sceptical about its practical value. 5. There was no room in the house for exercise, however. Look at the adapted concordance lines for so below and work out what types of adverbs each represents. On one line it is not an adverb. 1. That bit doesn’t feel so bad. 2. But it’s softer than it was before. So that’s good. 3. I’m not so young as I used to be. 4. And we have no relatives there, so we can’t even travel to West Germany. 5. I’m so not going to that party. TERMINOLOGY One of the problems you face when learning about scientific English gram- mar is the way in which different terms are used to refer to the same concept, i.e. cases of synonymy. Some that you may be familiar with pedagogically already are: continuous and progressive (for verb forms) reported speech and indirect speech Download 1.74 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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