Number and agreement with nouns
With determiners it is important to know which type of noun they go with. Some
pairs of quantifiers are distinguished according to whether they ‘agree with’ plural
count or noncount nouns: many chairs vs much furniture, few loaves vs little bread.
Demonstratives, on the other hand, have a straightforward singular/plural distinction:
this/that chair/furniture, these/those chairs.
Some as a quantifier is used with both plural count and noncount nouns (some
coins, some money), but it can also be used with singular count nouns:
Some woman was looking for you.
Here it is not a quantifier referring to a vague or unknown number or quantity, but
indicating an unknown individual.
Some quantifiers are semantically plural but grammatically singular: each, every,
many a. The distinction in meaning between each, every and all is particularly subtle.
All three are used to refer to the total members of a group, but are different in their
number agreement; all goes with plural nouns:
All children have fears.
Each/every child has fears.
Each tends to pick out each member of a group singly (and there may only be two),
while every talks about them together (and there must be at least three):
I’ve marked all the exam papers. (as a whole)
I’ve marked almost every exam paper. (some idea of separate marking)
‘I’ve marked almost each paper.’ (not possible)
There are also structural differences; for example, every is one of the few determiners
that cannot be used as a pronoun, while all can be used in front of other determiners:
all these arguments.
See the exploration in C3 and the reading in D3 for more issues to do with
determiners.
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