A D J E C T I V E S , A D V E R B S A N D P R E P O S I T I O N S
21
A4.1 Adjectives
Adjectives are an open word class (see B1). In notional terms they are often said to
refer to qualities and attributes. But we can argue that nouns also do this. Whether
we say ‘The mountain is high’ or ‘The height of the mountain . . .’
we are talking about
an attribute of the mountain.
Identify the adjectives in this sentence, noting the criteria you used:
No other nation can produce a book collector on quite the heroic scale of
Sir Thomas Philips, who amassed the greatest private library the world
has ever seen.
As usual, we must turn to formal characteristics for a useful, applicable definition.
A word is an adjective if it meets all or some of the following conditions:
it can be used as a premodifier in noun phrases:
❏
a red car. This is called the
‘attributive’ use of adjectives
it can be used as a subject and object predicative (see A8):
❏
Her car is red. I painted
it red. This is called the ‘predicative’ use of adjectives
it has comparative and superlative forms:
❏
happier/happiest
it is gradable:
❏
very happy
it occurs in postmodification: after indefinite pronouns (e.g.
❏
something red ,
nothing interesting), with certain adjectives (e.g.
the only information available),
and in special phrases (e.g.
the president elect).
(rarely) it is the head of a noun phrase after the definite article:
❏
the poor (see the
Website Reference A3.1 for more adjectives used in this way).
Of these it is the first four characteristics that are most important in recognising
adjectives. These are discussed in pairs below.
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