1. (be) going to
This form is used if, at the moment of speaking, the speaker has evidence for the
future event. That evidence may be either external (clouds or a tickle in the nose) or
internal (a plan or decision):
It’s going to rain.
I’m going to sneeze.
I’m not going to tell you.
From the speaker’s point of view such uses are similar; in each case the evidence
is clear to the speaker, and the future act is seen as the culmination of a previous
sequence of events or thoughts. The future event is a projection or extrapolation
of events preceding, and up to, the point Now.
Statements of the ‘internal evidence’ type, will frequently begin with ‘I’; questions
using this form more frequently involve ‘you’ or a third person:
I’m definitely not going to take the exam in summer.
Are you going to take the exam this summer?
Is he going to go to university?
Other combinations can occur.
What on earth am I going to do about it?
You are definitely not going to borrow mine!
but of course my internal evidence tends to be about me and questions about internal
evidence are usually about other people.
(be) going to is non-modal. It does not involve the speaker’s personal judgment
and, in particular, is non-volitional. Events described using (be) going to are seen as
arising out of a process which is already in progress at the time of speaking. This is
clear from an example such as:
What do you think is going to happen next?
where the listener’s opinion is sought about something which happens independently
of speaker or listener.
In some ways (be) going to forms are similar to (be) + . . . ing forms. There is,
however, one important distinction.
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