English Grammar: a resource Book for Students
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English Grammar- A Resource Book for Students
3. The ‘present simple’
The basic form is used when the lexical meaning of the verb alone is sufficient to convey the full message. With a pronoun, in ‘the present simple’, it is used when the speaker conceptualises the event as ‘pure fact’. It is associated with ‘simple facts’, objective truth. Time reference is accidental to the occurrence of this form; it is appropriate precisely on the occasions that the questions When? and On what occasion? are not appropriate. (This was discussed in detail in Chapter 8.) The form will be appropriate for events in Future Time when the speaker sees the future event as occurring quite independently of his understanding, perception, volition, etc. The event is determined by what the speaker sees as an external force majeure. This may be natural, or an appropriate timetable-making body: Christmas Day falls on a Thursday this year. What time does the sun rise next Saturday? Arsenal play away next weekend. We leave at 4 o’clock tomorrow afternoon. It is comparatively unusual for this form to be used about I or we and notice that, in the example just given which contains we, the suggestion is clearly that we are catching a train or coach, rather than that we will be setting off with our own car, in which case We’re leaving about 4 tomorrow or We are going to leave at 4 tomorrow would be more natural. As we saw in Chapter 8 the verb form in: We leave at 4 o’clock is not intrinsically associated with a particular point in time. The occurrence of the phrase at 4 o’clock is coincidental, and not intrinsic to the choice of the form leave. We have seen that the speaker can express a temporal view of the action by using the (be) + . . . ing or (be) going to forms. If such marked forms are inappropriate, the 218 E X T E N S I O N speaker selects the basic form. In the case of Future Time reference, when the event is in no way dependent upon the speaker, the basic form is appropriate. Such uses are relatively rare, but entirely consistent with all other uses of this form. Download 1.74 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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