G20 summit, November 3-4, 2011, Cannes France

of "Ecological economics" appeared and began to develop rapidly as an alternative option for solving environmental problems through narrow economic approaches . Unlike environmental economics, this direction was interpreted not as a special department of economics, but as an independent field of scientific research ².
In contrast to environmental economics or ecological economics, "green economics" is a more applied science. "Green economy" is not a field of scientific science, but mainly refers to real economic policy, concrete fields of activity (energy, innovation, agriculture, etc.). We can observe this difference in the expression of "green economy" by the words economy (real economic activity) rather than economics (economic theory or economic sciences such as environmental economics, ecological economics).
The objects of study of the green economy as a science can be divided into:

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  interrelationship between management and environment;
  
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  minimization of damage to the environment caused by economic activity in the long term, methods of managing economic systems covering ecological and social factors;
  
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  development of new technologies in economic activities and production areas, principles of directing them to the minimization of their damage to the environment.
  

Based on the generalized objects of the science of "green economy", it can be concluded that the science of "green economy" has an interdisciplinary methodology, in which the science of economics intersects with other sciences.
The following principles are important in the selection of scientific knowledge methods and research strategy in the science of "Green Economy":

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  that environmental factors are the primary factor in conditions of limited resources;
  
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  divide the stages of implementation of the green economy into different (theoretical, ideological, political and economic) levels;
  
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  interdisciplinary nature of analyzes and scientific developments.
  

The purpose of the science of "Green economy" is to establish the concept of "green economy" in students, to justify the need to transition to a "green economy", to analyze indicators and indicators for evaluating the "green economy", to transition to a "green economy" formed in world practice. comparative study of models, formation of knowledge and skills on the development of "green economy" in Uzbekistan.
The tasks of the science of "Green Economy" are as follows:

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  to reveal the nature of categories and concepts related to "green economy";
  
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  assessment of the role of "green economy" in ensuring sustainable development;
  
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  analysis of the purpose, principles and implementation mechanism of the "green economy" concept;
  
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  comparative analysis of the approaches recommended by international organizations to assess the scale of "green economy" and "green growth";
  
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  to study the financing status, indicators and development prospects of transition to "green economy";
  
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  assessment of "green energy" as a factor of sustainable development;
  
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  to study the problems of organic agriculture development;
  
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  assessment of the environmental situation in the world and justification of the economic mechanism of environmental policy implementation;
  
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  comparative analysis of accumulated rich, advanced experience in the development of "green economy" and implementation of national programs in leading countries of the world .³
  

Degradation of the environment and depletion of natural resources created the need to search and develop new models in the world. In the context of sustainability, new economic models related to environmental factors have become widespread, both in theory and in practice: "green" economy, "green" growth economy, low-carbon economy, environmental economy, bioeconomy and other terms have appeared. It's done.
The listed new economic models can be considered to some extent as different types of "green" economy.
The term "low-carbon" economy is widely used around the world, especially in the fight against global climate change and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.
According to the UN Environment Programme, a "green" economy improves human well-being and promotes social justice while protecting the environment. As stated in the concept of the UN "The future we want", the concept of "green" economy cannot replace the concept of sustainable development, but it helps to achieve sustainability in many ways. In this sense, the "green" economy is the basis of sustainable development and is based on its principles.
According to UN documents, the important features of the "green" economy are as follows:

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  efficient use of natural resources;
  
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  preservation and enrichment of natural capital;
  
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  protection against environmental pollution;
  
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  achieving a low-carbon economy;
  
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  waste processing and conversion into products;
  
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  maintaining ecosystem services and biodiversity;
  
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  providing income and employment;
  
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  achieving energy efficiency in the economy, transition to full consumption of renewable energy sources.
  

A common concept of a "green" economy is a low-carbon economy. The goal of low-carbon development is to reduce the emission of greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. According to the opinion of many foreign scientists, this reduction of greenhouse gas emissions will lead to the stabilization of the global climate system. One way to achieve this goal is to improve energy efficiency. The main source of SO2 emissions is the use of coal, oil, and gas. Currently, many countries and international corporations are reducing the use of coal, a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions.