Green Capitals "in the Hearts and Minds of the People"
Presence of promoters of the EGCA
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GreenCapitalsintheHeartsandMindsofthePeople
Presence of promoters of the EGCA
Evidence from the interviews shows that the role of promoters did matter in all the cases throughout the steps of participation in the EGCA. Promoters can be politicians or members of the staff inside the administration, but also external actors such as peers and groups of citizens. The first steps towards the decision to apply to the EGCA are those where the most significant variety of promoters can be found: administrative officials (LAH-ADM; LAH-POL; NIJ-ADM1; UM-ADM), political officials (BOL-ADM), the Mayor (GHE-ADM1; TAL-ADM) external consultants (CAG-POL) and even sustainability TMNs the city is part of (BOL-ADM; BOL-POL; GHE-ADM1). Typically, one or more of these actors get to know about the EGCA and convince the Alderman in charge of environmental policy to launch the application at the City Council. 42 In the later phases, when the application is being discussed and written, the role of politicians and of the officials who are in charge of the application is crucial in finalizing the form (BOL-POL; CAG-CON; LAH-ADM; NIJ-ADM2). Working on the application requires getting into touch with many different offices and agencies to collect the data. This was reportedly a challenging task that required someone to manage the process and negotiate with the data owners, and also a politician to back the initiative, most often the Alderman in charge of environmental policy (CAG-CON; NIJ-ADM1; OSL-ADM1; TOR-ADM; TAL-ADM). If a city is chosen as a finalist, the role of politicians becomes even more critical, as they are the ones who present the city to the EGCA jury and engage the citizens in designing the presentation (GHE-ADM2; LAH-ADM; OSL-ADM1). As LAH-ADM puts it: "once you enter the second stage of the competition, becoming as a finalist, then you need to really really have good support from the politicians, because then actually it's really about leadership." (LAH-ADM) Another stage of the EGCA participation in which politicians are often said to have made the difference is re-applying to the EGCA after having lost a final. Even those officials that initially promoted the EGCA admitted being very discouraged when their city lost once or twice after reaching the finals (LAH-ADM; NIJ-ADM2; OSL-ADM). It was the politicians that decided to apply once more, even against the opinion of their staff. The most curious aspect is that this happened in all the three winning city cases under exam: Nijmegen, Oslo and Lahti (LAH-ADM; NIJ-ADM2; OSL-ADM). Another strong promoter when it comes to re-applying is the civil society, including businesses, NGOs and academic institutions. These actors get involved when a city enters the finals and push for applying again if it loses (LAH-ADM; LAH-POL; NIJ-ADM1; NIJ-ADM2). This also occurred in all winning cities under exam, while it was not mentioned among the finalists that did not engage citizens, like Ghent and Umeå (GHE-ADM1; UME-ADM). Getting back to the promotion by politicians, in some cases like Ghent, it is mentioned to be virtually the only input to participating in the EGCA. The mayor wanted to participate, and after he resigned, the project was not supported by other politicians. Thus, after the city lost for the second time, it was dropped altogether (GHE-ADM1). In Tallinn, this top-down logic has become quite perverse according to TAL-ADM, who claimed that his politicians have been keeping applying to the EGCA despite several structural issues prevent the city from winning: 43 "I think for a long time there was a misconception that… that there is only very little to be done in order to Tallinn to win the award, but actually it's not. [...] I think they [the city councillors] haven't even read the application… maybe only the first page… I think they have no in-depth understanding of what this Green Capital Award is about or what is the real situation." (TAL-ADM) In the literature, the fact that promoters are vital in facilitating an application to an international soft tool has been already assessed for TMNs (Hakelberg, 2014; Mocca, 2017). As the sample of this research is made out of cities that submitted the application, it is not possible to know if the presence or lack of promoters is decisive in bringing cities to finalize the application to the EGCA. The fact promoters can be found in all cases, particularly in winning cities, could suggest that achieving the EGCA is a process that requires someone to involve not only other offices within the municipality, but also other stakeholders within the city at large. The application phase, when filling the criteria is the main activity, engages only the administrative staff. A restricted number of promoters within the administration is enough in that case. In the successive phases, though, many more promoters appear, including politicians and citizens, and they have to invest their leadership in making the presentation and the Green Capital Year successful. Focusing on the criteria of the award would miss all these developments, but it is hardly justifiable to leave all these actors and their actions out of an analysis on the influence of the EGCA. Download 0.67 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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