Green Capitals "in the Hearts and Minds of the People"
Role of the EGCA in historical municipal policy
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GreenCapitalsintheHeartsandMindsofthePeople
Role of the EGCA in historical municipal policy
In the context of the historical policies pursued in each of the cases, the interviews revealed that the EGCA was perceived as a new experience for the city in several cases (CAG-CON; GHE-ADM2; OSL-ADM1; TAL-ADM; TOR-ADM). Despite that, most cities were not new to other international experiences, including similar contests (CAG-POL; UM-ADM), city networks (BOL-POL; GHE-ADM1; OSL-ADM1) and bilateral cooperations (LAH-ADM). Cagliari and Umeå, for instance, had already participated in the European Capital of Culture (CAG-POL; UM-ADM), while Lahti, Nijmegen and Turin had some experience with international and national sustainability awards (LAH-ADM; NIJ-ADM1; NIJ-ADM2; TOR-ADM). Cities like Bologna, Ghent and Oslo had more experience with TMNs instead, such as Eurocities and ICLEI which, in the former two cases, encouraged the city administration to apply to the EGCA itself (BOL-POL; GHE-ADM1; OSL-ADM1). As to 44 Tallinn, although TAL-ADM did not report any particular recent activities, the city was active in setting up the EGCA itself back in 2006 together with fourteen other cities. Although this summary does not claim to be exhaustive of all the international soft policy tools the cases of this research are or have been part of, it shows that they undoubtedly had some experience with soft tools. In a way, these accounts match the analysis of sustainability TMNs, according to which prior experiences with similar soft tools encourages cities to join a new one (Mocca, 2017). Even so, a remarkable aspect is that the EGCA was reportedly a new experience even for the most experienced cities, and two reasons were given for that. First, for all applicants, it was a new experience to cooperate throughout the different municipality offices to write a shared file (CAG-CON; BOL-ADM; GHE-ADM1; LAH-ADM; OSL-ADM1; UM-ADM). Second, for the cities that won, the kind of events the Green Capital Year required and the extent of the organizing partnerships that were set up locally were never seen on such a scale (NIJ-ADM1; NIJ-ADM2; OSL-ADM2). It was an opportunity for the municipality, schools, companies, NGOs and other citizens to come together for a big event that lasted one year, which was something rare even for a big city like Oslo, for instance: "there were some hundred partners participating in the project, and all of those were… [...] using the award… and… were really have participating in the year and their own events and… and wanted really to use this award to promote… green policies and to…make events for people of Oslo and so on." (OSL-ADM2) In all cases, the EGCA was not described as an isolated application, but as part of a broader policy context. This could be related either to environmental policy (CAG-POL; LAH-ADM; OSL-ADM1; UM-ADM), city branding (BOL-POL; BOL-ADM; LAH-ADM; TAL-ADM; TOR-ADM) or strengthening the European dimension of the city (GHE-ADM1). Regarding environmental policy, for instance, cities as diverse as Cagliari, Oslo and Lahti applied in a moment that followed multiple years of efforts in the environmental sector (CAG-POL; LAH-ADM; OSL-ADM1; UM-ADM). They desired to summarise them and receive feedback on their real achievements. For other cities, either post-industrial ones like Lahti and Turin or cities that desired to enhance their international image like Bologna and Tallinn, the EGCA application was one of the many possible instruments to gain visibility for their high environmental standards (BOL-POL; BOL-ADM; LAH-ADM; TAL-ADM; TOR-ADM). Another context that was pictured was that of European policy, as in the case of 45 Ghent. The Flemish city applied to the EGCA in an attempt to get closer to the European institutions and to bigger cities in order to lobby for municipal interests (GHE-ADM1). As it also emerged in the previous sections, then, the EGCA is an instrument whose meaning and scope depends on the single municipal contexts. At the same time, it does represent a new experience as a sustainability tool touching upon multiple sectors at the same time. Such novelty reportedly characterised both the application phase and the Green Capital Year. The application form was challenging for the internal municipal management, but the events of the Green Capital Year involved much more actors and called for extra organisational efforts within the city as a whole. The fact that all applicants take part to the application phase could make it more influential in terms of the administrations it reaches. Even in the case of promoters, however, the practitioners who experienced more phases do not stress the importance of only one dimension of the award. Download 0.67 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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