Ingliz tili grammatikasi

MAY / MIGHT
1. May – ruxsat so’ralganda va ruxsat berilganda ishlatiladi (ko’pincha rasmiy)
M: You may take my dictionary

2. May – gapiruvchi to’g’riligiga ishonmagan taxmin (50%)

a) May + V₁ – hozirgi va kelasi zamon taxminni ifodalaydi
M: You may know address

b) May + have + V₃ – o’tgan zamondagi taxminni ifodalaydi

M: He may have left London
c) May – bilan berilgan so’roq gapga inkor javob berilganda can’t yoki don’t ishlatiladi
M: May I drink this water?
No, you can’t

3. May = to be permitted to = to be allowed to

M: Are they permitted to enter this building
may

4. Might – may modal fe’lining o’tgan yoki kelasi zamondagi shakli

M: He might go to Tashkent tomorrow
He might go to Tashkent yesterday

5. Might – tilak tilashda ham ishlatiladi

M: Might God be with you

6. Ehtimol ma’nosida Present yoki Future zamonida – might; past zamonida might + have + V₃ ishlatiladi

M: Akmal might be working in the garden, but I am not sure
Ronaldo couldn’t play yesterday his team might have lost the match

7. May + V₁ – maqsad ergash gaplarda ishlatiladi

M: I shall give him my exercise so that he may correct them


MUST
1. Must – kerak (zaruriyat, buyruq, shart) ma’nosida ishlatiladi
M: He must go there tomorrow

2. Must – bilan berilgan so’roq gapga inkor javob berilganda

a) Must not – mumkin emas (kuchli)
M: May I do it? -No you mustn’t

b) Need not – shart emas (kuchsiz)

M: You needn’t do it

3. Must – kuchli ma’nodagi ehtimolni, taxminni bildiradi (100%)

M: He must be in the library now

4. Must + have + V₃ – o’tgan zamon shakli

M: They must have forgotten to send us

5. Must not – ta’qiqlash ma’nosida (kuchli)

M: You must not smoke here

6. Have (got) to – must modal fe’liga sinonim bo’lib, tashqi muhit, sharoit kabi holatlardan kelib chiqib ma’lum kuch ta’siridagi zaruratni ifodalaydi. Ammo bu birikma buyruq va maslahatni ifodalash uchun ishlatilmaydi

M: You have to take your umbrella

7. Must – maslahat ma’nosida (majburiy emas) ishlatiladi

M: You must speak Russian and English languages
8. Must – ichki hissiyot majburiyati ma’nosida ishlatiladi
M: I must do my homework for tomorrow

9. Have to / Have got to – modal fe’li Presentda 3-shaxs birlik (he, she, it) uchun has (got) to shakliga o’zgaradi

M: I have to go now
She has to speak English

! – So’roq va inkor gaplarda have to – do / does yordamchi fe’li bilan; have got to – esa do / does yordamchi kerak emas, inkor va so’roq shaklini hosil qilishda have fe’lining o’zidan foydalaniladi

M: Do we have to write a letter?
Have we got to write a letter?
She doesn’t have to phone me now
She hasn’t got to phone me now

! – O’tgan zamon shakli had to bo’lib so’roq va inkorda did yordamchi fe’li zarur

M: I had to walk to school yesterday
She didn’t have to buy anything last week