Ingliz tili grammatikasini mustaqil o’rganuvchilar uchun ingliz tili fanidan grammatika o’quv qo’llanmasi
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English knowledge – ga erishish esa juda oson siz ingliz tilini o’ganish davomida inglizcha bilimlarga avtomatik ega bo’lasiz.
Oltinchi dars – preposition of place 1 Yuqoridagi darslarda biz present situation zamon shakli bilan preposition larni uchratdik lekin chuqurroq o’rganmadik. Ushbu darsda aynan shularni o’rganamiz. Eng asosiy prepositionlar on – ustida, yuzasida, da a book is on the table in – ichida, da money is in my pocket at – da, yonida she is at the station under – tagida cat is under the table behind – ortida, orqasida it is behind the car to – ga, tomon I am going to city beside–yonida I am besida him above– yuqorisida (tegmay turadi) the picture is above the shelf below – pastida (tegmay tursa) it is below the picture on the right – o’ngda the room is on the right side on the left – chapda, chap tarafda the shop is on the left in front of– oldi tarafida, oldida car is in front of the shop in the middle –o’rtasida he is in the middle between – orasida (ikkita narsa) I am between mother and father from … to … - … dan … gacha it is far from Tashkent to Ferghana from – dan I am from Uzbekistan into – tomon, ga (ichkariga) I am going into the castle out of - … dan tashqariga I took it out of the water put … in - … ga qo’ymoq she put the money in her bag take … out of - … dan olmoq I took it out of the water put … on – ustiga qo’ymoq they pu ta notebook on the table take … off – dan olmoq please take your bags off the table fall … off – dan yiqilmoq my friend fell off the ladder up – yuqorida, tepaga people like walking up the hill down – pastga go down the street please over – ustidan a horse jumped over the obstacle under – tagidan I always walk under the bridge through – bo’ylab, orqali the road goesthroughthe village round–aylanib, atrofi bo’ylab the road goes round the village around–atrofda, atrofida I travel around the town along – bo’ylab, yoqalab I like walking along the river across–nariga tomonga, orqali, ichidan he run across the street past – yonidan, oldidan they walked past me among – orasida, o’rtasida (ko’p narsa) among the people by – orqali, yonida it is by the window next to – yonida, qatorida my houise is next to the shop with – bilan I am with my friend without - … siz, bilan emas I am without you opposite – ro’parasida, qarshisida the shop is opposite the school against – qarshi tarafga, qarshi I vote against the previous presidnet including – jumladan including you excepting – dan tashqari I know all excepting you excluding – tashqari, I know all excluding you after - .. dan keyin I will go after you about – haqida, to’g’risida I thing about the future izoh: ko’rib turganingizdek prepositionlar anchagina ko’p va har birining o’z ishlatilish o’rni mavjud. keyinroqhar birini atroflicha ko’rib chiqamiz. Yettinchi dars –present continuous tense – hozirgi davomli zamon Yuqorida darslarda biz zamonlar ularning turlari haqida qisqacha ma’lumotlarga ega bo’ldik. Ushbu kitob davomida ushbu zamonlar shakllarini to’liq o’rganib chiqamiz. Biz hozirgi paytda yashab turganimiz sababli eng avvalo hozirgi zamon shakllarini va ular yozdamida gapirishni o’rganish maqsadga muvofiq. Present continuous –davomli zamon shakli yuqorida aytilganidek har bir zamon shaklini o’rganishda uning 4 ta muhim tarafini o’rganamiz. Ishlatilishi haqida Present continuous 6 xil holatda ishlatiladi. Gapirilayotgan vaqtda sodir bo’layotgan ish-harakatlarni aytish uchun ishlatiladi. Gapirilayotgan vaqt atrofida sodir bo’layotgan ish-harakatlarni aytish uchun ishlatiladi. Takroriy ish seriyalari uchun ishlatiladi. O’zgarishlar va rivojlanishlarni aytish uchun ishlatiladi. Kimnidir qilayotgan ishidan shikoyat qilishda ishlatiladi. Kelasi zamon uchun rejalashtirilgan amalga oshirilishi aniq bo’lgan ish-harakatlari uchun ishlatiladi. 1-holatda bu ayni vaqtda atrofingizga nazar soling ayni vaqtda nimalar sodir bo’layotganini aytish uchun biz present continuous dan foydalanamiz. Masalan: I am speaking – men gapiryapman. He is writing -> u yozayapti. We are watching TV -> biz televizor ko’rayapmiz. 2-holatda: balki sizda gapirilayotgan vaqt atrofi degan tushuncha haqida savol paydo bo’lgandir. Vaqtnig atrofi qanaqa bo’ladi degan. Bu ozgina boshqacharoq tushuncha. Siz hozir bu qo’llanmani o’qiyapsiz shuning uchun siz ertaga ko’chada yoki o’qishda biror do’ztingiz sizndan nimalar qilyapsiz? Deb so’rashsa siz men ingliz tili o’rganyapman deb javob berasiz lekin aynan o’sha paytda qo’lingizda kitob tutib o’qiganingiz yo’q bo’ladi lekin siz o’sha paytda bo’lmasaham shu kunlarda qilayotgan ishlaringiz haqida gapiryapsiz. 3 – holatda: shu kunlarda sodir bo’layotgan takroriy va vaqtinchalik ish-harakatlarini aytishda ishlatamiz. Masalan: because of the exam, we are going to school on Sundays – imtixon sababli biz yakshanba kuni ham maktabga boryapmiz. Faqatgina imtixon tufayli ma’lum bir muddatga bo’layotgan ishlarni aytish uchun ham ishlatamiz. 4 – holatda: hozirgi kunlarda atrofimizda sodir bo’layotgan o’zgarish va rivojlanishlarni aytish uchun ham shu zamon ishlatiladi. Masalan: Our city is developing – bizning shahar rivojlanyapti. 5 – holatda: kimnidir shu kunlarda qilayotgan ishi sizga yoqmayapti buni aytish uchun ham shu zamon shaklidan foydalanamiz, masalan: you are always telling lies – siz har doim aldayapsiz. Ushbu holatda odatda always – har doim payt ravishi bilan ishlatiladi. 6 – holatda: avvaldan rejalashtirib qo’ygan kelajakda qilinishi aniq bo’lgan ishlarni aytish uchun ishlatiladi. Ushbu holat o’zbek tilida ham mavjud. Masalan siz keyingi hafta to’y qilyapmiz deyishingiz mumkin va to’y kuni aniq qilib belgilangan amalga oshishi aniq va shuning uchun siz yapmiz ya’ni birinchi shaxs ko’plik uchunishlatiladigan davom zamon qo’shimchasi qo’shiladi. Demak ushbu zamonni o’rganish nima uchun kerakligini bilib oldik. Yuqoridagi olti xil holatdagi gaplarni tuzish uchun ishlatamiz. Formulasi va yordamchi fe’li haqida Zamon o’rganishda ikkinchi bosqich bu uning formulasi va yordamchi fe’lini o’rganishdir. Download 82.47 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: 
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