Инглиз тилида 26 харф бўлиб,20 таси ундош,6 таси унли

Ayrim ikki bo’g’inli sifatlarning qiyosiy darajasi ham –er orttirma darasi –est qo’shimchasini qo’shish orqali hosil qilinadi.

Oddiy daraja	Qiyosiy daraja	Orttirma daraja
busy — band dirty — ifl os clever — aqlli narrow — tor polite — odobli sincere - sofdil,samimiy common – oddiy shallow - sayoz pretty- go’zal	busier — bandroq dirtier — iflosroq cleverer — aqlliroq narrower — torroq politer — odobliroq sincerer - sofdilroq commoner – oddiyroq shallower - sayozroq prettier – go’zalroq	the busiest — eng band the dirtiest — eng ifl os the cleverest — eng aqlli the narrowest — eng tor the politest - eng odobli the sincerest - eng sofdil the commonest - eng oddiy the shallowest- eng sayoz the prettiest – eng go’zal

• 
  Ikki va undan ortiq bo‘g‘inli sifatlarning qiyosiy darajasini hosil qilish uchun sifatning oldiga more, orttirma darajasini hosil qilish uchun sifatning oldiga the most so‘zlarini qo‘yish orqali hosil qilinadi.
  

Oddiy daraja	Qiyosiy daraja	Orttirma daraja
active — faol famous — mashhur diffi cult — qiyin comfortable — qulay interesting — qiziq	more active more famous more difficult more comfortable more interesting	the most active the most famous the most diffi cult the most comfortable the most interesting

• 
  Ba’zi sifatlarning darajalari so’z o‘zagini tubdan o’zgarishi orqali hosil qilinadi.
  

  Oddiy daraja	Qiyosiy daraja	Orttirma daraja
  good — yaxshi bad — yomon little — oz much, many — ko‘p	better — yaxshiroq worse — yomonroq less — ozroq more — ko‘proq	best — eng yaxshi worst — eng yomon least — eng oz most — eng ko‘p

• 
  Far sifatining qiyosiy va orttirma shakli ikki xil usulda hosil qilinadi:
  

  Oddiy daraja	Qiyosiy daraja	Orttirma daraja
  far — uzoq	farther — uzoqroq further — uzoqroq,	farthest — eng uzoq furthest — eng uzoq,

• 
  Masofaga nisbatan farther, further va farthest,furthest baravar ishlatiladi.
  

I found him in the farthest (furthest) corner of the park.

• 
  Further, shuningdek, qo‘shimcha, keyingi ma’nosida ham ishlatiladi.
  

I have obtained further information on this matter.
Please send the books back without further delay.

• 
  Qiyosiy darajadan keyin than -ga qaraganda bog‘lovchisi keladi:
  

London is larger than Bristol.
This book is more interesting than that one.

• 
  Qiyosiy daraja oldidan much yoki far (ancha) so‘zlarini qo‘yish bilan
  

ma’nosi kuchytirilishi mumkin.
The Nile is much longer than the Thames.
This book is far better than that one.

• 
  Orttirma darajadan keyin ko‘pincha of predlogi ishlatiladi.
  

He is the best of my friends.

• 
  Orttirma darajadan keyin ko‘pincha perfect zamonlarni ishlatishimiz mumkin.
  

This is the most interesting book I have ever read.

• 
  Orttirma daraja by far yoki far yordamida kuchaytirilishi mumkin:
  

The deposits of oil in Russia are by far the richest in the world.

• 
  Sifatlarning ozroq yoki eng oz darajasini ifodalash uchun oddiy darajadagi sifatning oldiga less kamroq yoki least eng kam so‘zlarini qo‘yamiz: pleasant yoqimli, less pleasant kamroq yoqimli, least pleasant eng kam yoqimli, eng yoqimsiz, comfortable, less comfortable, least comfortable
  

Your hause is less comfortable than ours.

• 
  Ikkita bir xil darajadagi sifatni teng qiyoslash uchun oddiy dara jadagi sifatni as … as o‘rtasiga qo‘yamiz.
  

As + adjective + as + noun(pronoun)

He is as young as my brother.
Peter is as tall as I.
He is not so young as my brother.

• 
  Bir necha martalab qiyoslash as … as o‘rtasiga oddiy darajadagi sifat qo‘yiladi va ulardan oldin ikki marta, uch marta so‘zlari qo‘yiladi.
  

My room is twice as large as yours.
This box is three times as heavy as that.

• 
  Ikkinchi buyum tushib qolganda sifatdan keyingi as tushirib qoldiriladi.
  

This grade is twice as expensive.
I paid for the book half as much as for the dictionary.

• 
  Qo‘sh qiyoslash.
  

The + adj. + er + ega + kesim, + the + adj. +er + ega + kesim

The bigger they are, the harder they fall.
The sooner you take your medicine, the better you will feel.

The + more + ega + kesim + the + adj.+er + ega + kesim

The more you study, the smarter you will become.
The more he rowed the boat the farther away he got.
Otlarning sifatga o‘xshab ishlatilishi

• 
  Ingliz tilida ko‘pgina otlar sifat vazifasida ishlatilib boshqa otlarning oldidan kelishi mumkin:
  

a wool coat, a gold watch, a history teacher.

• 
  Sifat vazifasida kelgan otlar ko‘plikdagi otni tasvirlasa ham har doim birlikda ishlatiladi. Sifat vazifasida kelgan ot bilan uning oldidan kelgan son orasida doimo chiziqcha qo‘yiladi:
  

We took a five-week tour.
He has a two-year subscription to that magazine.
Enough ning sifatlar, ravishlar va otlar bilan ishlatilishi.

• 
  Enough so‘zi sifat va ravishlarni aniqlab kelganda ularning orqasidan keladi.
  

Adjective Adverb

+ enough

It is not cold enough to wear a heavy jacket.

• 
  Enough otlarni aniqlash uchun ularning oldidan keladi:
  

enough

+ noun

Do you have enough sugar for the cake?
Jake bought enough red paint to paint the barn.
Sifatlarning otlashishi

• 
  Ba’zi sifatlar ot ma’nosida ishlatilishi mumkin. Ular shaxslarning hammasini yoki guruhini ifodalab ko‘plik ma’nosida ishlatiladi, lekin ko‘plik qo‘shomchasi -s qo‘shilmaydi va aniq artikl bilan ishlatiladi.
  

There are special schools for the blind in our country.

• 
  Izoh: Bir yoki bir nechta alohida shaxslarni ifodalash uchun sifatlarning man, men; woman, women; person, persons otlari bilan birikmasi ishlatiladi: a blind man ko‘r kishi, a blind woman ko‘r ayol; two blind persons ikkita ko‘r kishi; a poor man kambag‘al kishi; two poor men ikkita kambag‘al.
  

L ESSON 4
PROVERB (RAVISH)

• 
  Ravish deb ish - harakatning qanday qayerda, qachon sodir bo‘lganini bildiruvchi so‘zlarga aytiladi.
  

He works hard. – Holati
He lives here. – O’rni
I have not met him lately. Payti

• 
  Ravish sifat yoki boshqa ravishlarning belgi va xossalarini ham ifodalashi mumkin.
  

He is a very good student.
She translates the article quite well
RAVISHLARNING TURLARI

• 
  O‘rin-joy ravishlari
  

Here there where inside outside

shu (bu) yerda,bu yoqqa u yerda, qayerda,qayerga ichkarida,ichkariga tashqarida,tashqariga,

above below somewhere, anywhere nowhere elsewhere

yuqorida,yuqoriga pastda,pastga,quyida biror joyda, biror joyga, hech qayerda, boshqa biror joyda

He will stay there until June.

• 
  Somewhere ravishi bo‘lishli gaplarda ishlatiladi.
  

I left my umbrella somewhere.

• 
  Anywhere so‘roq va bo‘lishsiz gaplarda ishlatiladi.
  

Are you going anywhere tomorrow?
I can’t find my dictionary anywhere.

• 
  Nowhere qisqa javoblarda ishlatiladi.
  

Where did you go after supper? —Nowhere.

• 
  Boshqa hollarda nowhere ravishi juda kam ishlatiladi, uning o‘rnida not… anywhere ishlatiladi.
  

They went nowhere after supper.= They did not go anywhere after supper.

• 
  Nowheredan keyin fe’l bo‘lishli shaklda keladi, chunki ingliz tilida bitta gapda faqat bitta inkor ishlatiladi.
  

• 
  Payt (vaqt) ravishlari:
  

Now when then today yesterday tomorrow before lately yet still since

hozir, endi –da, vaqtda, paytda, so‘ngra, o‘shanda bugun kecha ertaga oldin, ilgari yaqinda,keyingi paytlarda hali; allaqachon hali -dan buyon

recently once ever never always often seldom usually sometimes already

yaqinda, shu kunlarda bir kuni, biror vaqt hech qachon har doim, doimo tez-tez, ko‘pincha kamdan-kam odatda, ba’zan, goho allaqachon,

I was very busy yesterday.
He usually goes to bed at eleven o’clock.
He left Tashkent in 1996, and I haven’t seen him since.

• 
  O‘lchov va daraja ravishlari: