Ingliz tiliga o’zbek tillarida bosh bo`laklarning ifodalanishi

Kesimning ega bilan moslashuvi (Agrrement of the predicate )
Kesim ega bilan shaxs va sonda moslashadi, yangi ega qaysi shaxs, sonda kelsa, kesim ham shunga mos formada keladi.
Masalan: She was white , and he was coloured.
It was hard though to remember it all the time.
They were still alone. Have you washed your hands?
Has your indigestion bothered you today?
Ingliz tilida shaxs son qo'shimchalari ham bo'lgani uchun kesimning ega bilan moslashuvi faqat hozirgi zamonda bo'ladi. To be fe'li bundan istisnodir. To be fe'li bilan ifodalangan kesim hozirgi zamonda ham o'tgan zamonda ham ega bilan moslashadi.
Hozirgi zamonda
Singular Plural
I I am a student. I We are students.
II You are a student. II You are students.
II He is a student. III They are students.
O'tgan zamonda
Singular Plural
1I was a student. I We were students.
II You were a student. II You were students.
III He was a student. III They were student.
Ega bilan kesim moslashuvining quyidagi ko'rinishlari mavjud. Birlik sonidagi ega uyushib kelsa, kesim ko'plik formada qo’llanadi.
Masalan:He and his brother are fond of sports.
The summer was ending. The dust and the last wind were tired before they got anywhere.
Agar uyushib kelgan ega bir shaxsni, narsani yoki bir birlikni hosil qiluvchi ikkinchi shaxsni, narsani ifodalasa kesim birlikda ishlatiladi.
a) The writer and editor- in -chief has come to our institute.
b) The writer and the editor -in –chief have come to our institute.
Birinchi gapda uyushgan ega bir shaxsni ifodalaydi, bir shaxsning o'zi ham yozuvchi, ham redaktor.
Bunda kesim ega bilan uchinchi shaxs birlikda moslashadi.
Ikkinchi gapda uyushgan ega ikkita shaxsni ifodalayapti, shuning uchun kesim ega bilan uchinchi shaxs ko'plikda moslashadi.
There +to be oboroti bilan tuzilgan gapda ega bilan sonda moslashadi.
Masalan:There was a book and notebooks on the table.
Uyushib kelgan ega either... or, neither… nor, not… only, but, also kabi bo'g'lovchilar bilan bog'lanib, turli shaxslarda bo'lsa, kesim eganing eng keyingisi (o'ziga yaqin) bilan shaxslarda moslashadi.
Masalan: Neither he nor his friends have read the book.
Kesim quyidagi hollarda birlikda qo’llanadi.
a)agar uyushib kelgan ega infinitiv bilan ifodalangan bo'lsa.
Masalan: Now , to go, through, stormy night, wish, wet clothes, and in addition , to be all nourished and to have tasted meat, for week or month, is about, as severe, handship.
2) Where va to be bog'lanmasi o'z ichiga olgan so'roq gaplarda uyushgan eganing birinchisi birlikda bo'lsa.
Masalan: Where is his sister and brother?

3. 
   There+ to be oboroti bilan tuzilgan gaplarda birinchi ega birlikdagi bo'lsa:
   

4.Birlikdagi ega as well as, wish, together with bog'lovchilari bilan bog'lanib kelgan bo'lsa:
e.g The teacher as well as the student was present at the meeting.
5) ega somebody, someone, sometning , everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, nobody, no one, nothing , neither either it kabi olmoshlar bilan ifodalansa.
Masalan: Somebody is knocking at the door. Everybody is here.
It is the children who did it.

6. 
   Ko'plikda ot jurnal gazeta yoki kitobning nomini bildirsa e.g "The Slaves" by Aini is very interesting novel.
   
7. 
   Ega vaqt, masofa, o'lchov, miqdor anglatuvchi ko'plikda kelgan ot bilan ifodalangan bo'lsa:
   

Masalan: Eighteen dollars is just about as much as the damned thing's worth.
Ayrim olmoshlar masalan : all none, who what kabilar ega bo'lib kelsa , kesim ega bilan ham birlikda, ham ko'plikda moslashadi, ya'ni ega orqali ko'plik nazoratda tutilsa, kesim ham ko'plikda keladi.
Masalan:Who is coming? Who are coming.
All is ready. All are ready.
Ega people, police, cattle, poultry, jury, cavalry kabi jamlovchi otlar bilan ifodalangan bo'lsa kesim odatda ko'plikda ishlatiladi.
Masalan: These people are younger than you . Police were elsewhere.
Ega committee, company, familiy, crew , army, goverment, team kabi jamlovchi otlar yordami bilan ifodalanganida , kesim ham birlik , ham ko'plikda kelishi mumkin, ya'ni agar ot orqali nazarda tutilsa , kesim birlikda ko'plik nazarda tutilsa, kesim, ko'plikda qo’llanadi. Ega birdan ortiq otlashgan son bilan ifodalangan bo'lsa, kesim ega bilan moslashib, ko'plikda keladi.
Masalan: The two were established at a well-appointed table.
Ega qo'shuv oluv, bo'luvni bildiruvchi sonlar birikmasi bilan ifodalangan bo'lsa kesim ega bilan birlikda moslashadi.
Masalan: Fifteen divided by three equals five. Ten minus two is eight.
Ega ko'paytiruv anglatuvchi sonlar birikmasi bilan ifodalangan bo'lsa, kesim ega bilan ham ko'plik , ham birgalikda moslashib keladi.
Masalan:Three times three is (yoki are) nine.
Five times five is (are) twenty five.
Eganing birinchi elementi a lot of, plenty of, a number of, a mass of, the majority of, a variety of kabi so'z birikmalari bilan ifodalansa, kesim so'z birikmasining ikkinchi elementiga bog'liq holda yo birlikda, yo ko'plikda bo'ladi.
e.g Great majority of them, male and female were old.
There was plenty of applause.
"There is a lot of truth in it" said Jonson cautiously.