Islam, its main currents and trends Cloud

Shafi'i sect. This sect was not a product of a geographical region, but as a result of close acquaintance with two other sects, Muhammad ibn Idris ibn Abbas ibn Usman ibn Shafii, who was a descendant of the prophet's ancestor, Hashim's brother Mutallib, became its founder. Shafi was born in Palestine (Ghazna) in 767 and died in Egypt in 820. He studied Iraqi jurisprudence under the guidance of Shaybani.
The "treatise" expressing Shafi's theory was written in Baghdad and revised in Egypt in 814-815. In the field of law, Shafi'i sees himself as a follower of the madhhab of Medina. In countless debates, he tries to convert followers of other sects to his opinion. However, they remain in their views and assimilate only some of its legal aspects. Based on this, a new sect will emerge. A sect developed by a single man, first in Baghdad and then in Egypt. Since Egypt is the homeland of this new sect, it is natural that this doctrine took deep root there.
1517 The Hanafi sect was introduced to Egypt by the Ottoman Turks. Although the Hanafi sect is not upheld in courts today regarding personal status, many Egyptians (especially in rural areas) remain faithful to the Shafi'i tradition in their religious practices. Most Muslims in Palestine and Jordan do the same, as do Sunni Muslims in Syria, Iraq, Hejaz, Pakistan, India, Indonesia, Iran, and Yemen.
Hanbali sect. This is a personal sect, because it basically shows the legal opinions, rulings and fatwas of one person - Ahmad ibn Hanbal. Ibn Hanbal was born in Baghdad in 780 and died here in 855. He traveled a lot to Syria, Hijaz, Yemen, Kufa and Basra with the intention of collecting hadiths and created the 6-volume work "Musnad al-Imam Ahmad" which collected more than 40 thousand hadiths. For this reason, and because he did not write any books on fiqh, many Muslim scholars consider him more of a muhaddith than a fiqh. However, his students collected his legal views and fatwas and formulated legal principles and laws related to this sect. He came to the field as the initiator of open fighters against the Mu'tazilites, who was called "the savior of Islam from heresies".
The fact that this sect relies more on hadiths than others differs in terms of legal grounds. They raised the essence of hadiths to the level of Quranic verses. "How?" to hadiths Those who say that it is necessary to believe directly without answering. According to the Hanbalis, the foundations of fiqh are five:
1. The texts of the Qur'an and the Sunnah;
2. Fatwas of the Companions;
3. The sayings of some companions in accordance with the Qur'an and the Sunnah;
4. Hadiths with a weak reference or a small number of informants;
5. Judging by analogy when it is absolutely impossible .