Islam, its main currents and trends Cloud

The Ja'fari school is the main stream of Ismailis who believe in the 12th imam, entering the Shia religious legal system . In fact, this system was created by a number of mujtahids and theologians in the 9th-10th centuries, in which Imam Ja'far had almost no place, and no works related to jurisprudence and theology remained. Nevertheless, the Shia religious-legal complex is still called Ja'faria. Jafaria became the dominant religious and legal system in Iran at the beginning of the 16th century. This sect still has a strong influence among Shiites in Iran and Iraq.
Foreigners.
Worries. By the time of Uthman ibn Affan (644-656), seditions arose within the Islamic community ( umma ). The assassination of Osman (656) was also the result of these political struggles. When the caliph was killed, Ali ibn Abi Talib (656-661) was elected in his place by his supporters. It is from this period that the first civil war within the nation -state begins (656-660).
Leaders of the group, such as Talha ibn Ubaidullah, al-Zubayr ibn al-Awamm, and Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan, opposed Ali and interpreted this situation as follows: "Ali did not help Uthman in the fight against the rebels. did not stop him from doing this, besides, he did not avenge Ibn Affan after he was promoted to the position of caliph, but he was interested in the execution of Uthman.
These three companions came to this opinion because each of them considered himself more worthy of the caliphate than Ali. They proved their claims to be true in different ways: Talha and al-Zubayr said, "I was one of the six people who were called to the council ( shura ) to elect a caliph before the death of Umar (634-644)," while Mu'awiya and told Usman that he was a close relative (both of them were from the Umayyad clan of the Quraysh tribe) and that he deserved his revenge.
Talha va az-Zubayr «al-Jamal» (« Tuya») died in the battle. After that, only Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan (660-680) remained among the claimants to the caliphate instead of Ali. The Battle of Siffin between Mu'awiya and Ali in Syria in 657 caused Ali's supporters to split into two factions. In this battle, Ali ibn Abi Talib made a mutual agreement with the opposing side (Umayyads, 660-749) and agreed to stop the war. A group of people among Ali's army were dissatisfied with this policy of reconciliation and separated. Those who refused to obey Ali were called "Khawarij", and those who gathered around Ali without joining Mu'awiya were later called "Shia". These groups later formed the foundation of two major currents in Islam. In turn, each category began to form its own religious-political views, doctrines and practices.