Kichik maktab yoshidagi bolalar anatom iyasi, fiziologiyasi ya
GIGIYENIK TARBIYA У A TA’LIM NING
Download 93.45 Kb. Pdf ko'rish
|
- Bu sahifa navigatsiya:
- 0 ‘quvchilarni gigiyenik jihatdan tarbiyalash va o ‘qitish
- B O SH L A N G 4C H S IN F 0 ‘QUVCHILARIDA JINIY TARBIYANI TARKIB T O PTIR ISH Jinsiy tarbiya
- FO YD ALANILGAN AD ABIYO TLAR 1. S. I. Galperin.
- A. S. Х р и п к о ва , М. А н т роп ова.
- 4. М. М. Solixova, Q. S. Socliqov. « O d a m a n a t o m i v a s i » . « 0 ‘q i t u v c h i » Т . , 1983 у. 5. Q. S. Sodiqov.
- Q. S. Sodiqov, S. X. Oripova. « S o g ‘l o m a v l o d u c h u n » m a ’r u z a l a r m a t n i , 2 0 0 3 y. 9. Q. S. Sodiqov.
- М и 14 D A R I J А
- KICHIK MAKTAB YO SHIDAG I BO LAIAR ANATOM1YASI, FIZIOLOGIYASI VA GIGIYENASI
GIGIYENIK TARBIYA У A TA’LIM NING A SO SIY M AQSADI B olalarda u larning yoshlik d avridan voshlariga qarab gigi- yena bilimlarining barcha m ohiyatni va m azm u n in i ularga sodda va a n iq shaklda tu sh u n tirib beriladi. G igiyenik m alak alarn i egallab olish, uni xuddi shartli ref- leksdek o ‘zlashtirib olish u c h u n maxsus sh aro itd a, belgilangan v aqtda, sistemali ravishda q aytarib turish kerak b o 'la d i va buni uzluksiz d a v o m ettiriladi. Bolalarga sog 'lo m lash tirish n in g turli ta dbirlarining m ohiyati va ah am iy a tin i ular bilan su h b at o ‘tkazish, qiziqarli hikoyalar o 'q ib berish, kin o film lar k o ‘rsatish, k o ‘rg azm alar tashkil qilish b ilan tu sh u n tirib beriladi. B olalarda gigiyenik m alak alarn i tar- b iy a la s h m a k ta b o 'q i t u v c h i l a r i b o la la r va o ‘s m ir la r m u a s - s a s a l a r i d a x i z m a t q i l u v c h i h o d i m l a r i n i n g v a z if a s id ir . Bolalar va o 's m irla rn in g gigiyenik bilimlar va m alakalarni tez va yaxshi o ‘zlashtirib olishlari ularning a tro f-m u h it sharoit- lariga ham bog'liq. Agar tashqi sharoit gigiyenik talablarga javob bera olsa, xonalar to p -to z a va artilgan, m ebellar yaxshi, b u tu n va tartibli joylashtirilgan. yuvinish jovlari va sanitariya uzellari yaxshi ishlasa, o 'r i n - k o 'r p a l a r va ichki kiyimlar toza tursa, b u n - day vaqtlarda bolalar gigiyenik m alakalarini tezroq orttiradilar. B olalar va o 'sm irlarg a gigiyenik malakasini yaxshi singdirish u c h u n 0 ‘q itu v c h ila rn in g o 'z la ri n a m u n a li b o ‘lishlari kerak. 0 ‘quvchilarni gigiyenik jihatdan tarbiyalash va o ‘qitish Sanitariya maorifi h a r bir o 'q itu v c h i kundalik ishining zaru- riy bir qismi hisoblanib, bu bilan u sin f va sinfdan tashqari ishlarda uzluksiz shug 4 illan ib boradi. M a k ta b shifokori o 'q itu v c h ila rn i sanitariya m aorifiga oid risola va k o ‘rgazm ali q u ro lla r bilan t a ’min laydi, tegishli m asla- h atlarni berib turadi. Quyi sin f o 'q itu v c h ila ri o ‘q u v ch ilar bilan sog'liqni saqlash h a q id a maxsus m a s h g 'u lo tla r o ‘tkazadilar. G ig iy en ag a oid m a ’lu m o tla r zam o n a v iy tibbiyot ilm ining m a ’lu m o tla rig a m os kelishi kerak. G ig iy e n a y u z a sid a n olib b oriladigan o ’quv ishining asosiy shakli darsdir. 170 Bu darsni t o 'g 'r i tashkil etgan ta q d ird a g in a gigiyena asos- lari izchillikda m u n t a z a m ravishda o 't i s h n i t a ’m in lash m u m - kin. Sanitariya maorifi S an ita riy a m a o rifin in g vazifasi o 'q u v c h i l a r va sa n ita riy a f a o l i y a t i n i k e n g a y t i r i s h g a y o r d a m b e r i s h , t u r m u s h d a va m e h n a t d a gigivenik xulq hosil qilish va u n g a o d a tla n tir is h , m a k ta b d a d a v o la s h -p ro fila k tik a va e p id e m iy a g a qarshi s a n i tariya c h o r a - t a d b i r l a r i n i m uv affaq iy at bilan a m a lg a o shirish, o 'q u v c h ila r n i so g 'liq n i saqlash so h asid ag i en g m u h i m v o q e a va y u tu q la r b ilan t a n is h tir is h d a n iborat. S in fd a n va m a k ta b - d a n ta s h q a r id a olib b o rila d ig a n san ita riy a m a o rifin in g b o la- larn i g ig iy e n ik j i h a t d a n ta r b i y a l a s h g a d o i r o ' q u v is h in in g m u h i m qism idir. Sinfda, sinfdan va m a k ta b d a n ta sh q a rid a s a n ita r iy a - m a o ri- fi ishi k o 'z la n g a n m aq sad g a erishish u c h u n h a r xil m e to d la r, fo rm a la r va v o sita la rd a n foyd alan g an h o ld a olib boriladi. S alo m atlik n i saqlash m avzusida viktorinalar, o lim p iad alar, savol-javob k ec h a la rn i o 'tk a z ib turish s a n ita riy a -m a o rifi ishida m a ’lu m d arajad a yaxshi foyda beradi. Sog'liqni saqlashga b a g 'ish la n g a n kitoblarni tashviqot q i lish h a m sanitariya maorifi ishini olib b o rish d a katta a h a m i- yatga ega. Sanitariya m ao rifid a devoriy g a z etalar va b u lle te n - lar san itariy a-m ao rifi ishida a lo h id a o 'r i n d a turadi. B O SH L A N G 4C H S IN F 0 ‘QUVCHILARIDA JINIY TARBIYANI TARKIB T O PTIR ISH Jinsiy tarbiya bolaga ibratli hik o y alar aytib berish, k itoblar o 'q ib berish, tabiiy m a n z a ra larn i kuzatish, m u z e y va tarixiy o bidalarga olib borish, o d o b - a x lo q q a oid s u h b a tla r o 't k a z ish bilan olib boriladi. 1—4 sin f o 'q u v c h ila ri xuddi b o g 'c h a y o sh i dagi bolalardek o 'y n a y d ila r, o'qiydilar. 3 sin f o 'q u v c h ila rig a « O d a m s a lo m a tlig in i saq lash va m u h o f a z a qilish» d a rsla ri o'tilad i. Qiz b o la bilan o'gil bola bir p a rta d a o 'tirish i kerak. B a ’zi o ‘gil bo lalar qiz b o 'l a bilan birga o 'tiris h n i x ohlam aydi. Bu bola qiz b o la n i h u r m a t q ilm ag an deb tu sh u n tirish kerak. Qiz bola bilan o'gil bolani bir p a rta d a o 'tiris h n i bir q a d a r j i n siy m ay lg a b o g ‘liq b o l ladi. O 'gil b o la la r b ila n qiz b o la la r o'rta sid a t o ‘gM'i m u n o sab atn i tarbiyalash ularning kelgusi hayot- larida m u h im o ‘rinni egallaydi. 0 ‘qituvchi o ‘q u v c h ila r bilan kun tartibi, tishlarni parvarish qilish, q a d - q o m a t n i t o ‘g ‘ri tarbiyalash, salo m a tlik n i saqlash m avzularida s u h b atlar o ktkazishi kerak. 0 ‘quvchilarni gigiyenik va jinsiy j i h a t d a n ta rb iv alash d a o t a - o n a , o ‘qitu v ch ilar n a m u n a b o l i s h l a r i kerak. Bola erkak bilan ayol o ‘rtasidagi m u n o s a b a t- larni s o ‘rab qolsa, uning yoshiga loyiq ravishda oddiy qilib javob berish kerak. Qiz bolani hayoli, iffatli, sabr-toqatli, t o lg ‘ri s o ‘zlik bo lishini, o ‘gil bolalarni m a rd , g ‘ururli, r a h m - s h a f q a tli, qiz- larga m eh rib o n boMishlarini u lam i yoshligidan tushuntirib borish kerak. QIZLAR GIGIYENASI Q iz la rn in g ta sh q i jin siy a ’zolari te z ifloslanadi. S h u n in g u c h u n , tu r m u s h g a c h iq m a g a n q iz la r ta sh q i jin siy a ’zo larin i im k o n i b o r ic h a to z a saqlashlari lozim . Q iz la rd a q in n in g o rq a teshikka yaqinligi ifloslanish im k o n in i oshirib y uboradi. B u n d a k l i t o r a t r o f i d a g i b e z c h a l a r oqsil r n o d d a is h la b c h i q a r a d i . S h ilim sh iq oqsil m o d d a bularga q o ‘shilgan hayz q o n in in g qol- diqlari qiz bola tashqi jinsiy a ’zolarini ifloslanishiga olib keladi. B u n d a y q i z d a n h id k e l a d i , n a t i j a d a , tu r li m i k r o b l a r n i n g k o ‘p a y ish ig a sh a ro it yaratiladi. Y u q u m li m ik r o b la r ichki j i n siy a ’z o la rg a h a m ta rq a lish i m u m k i n . S h u n in g u c h u n qizlar jin siy a ’z o la rin i h a r k u n i iliq suvda s o v u n la b yuvib tu rish lari kerak. A yniqsa, h ay z k o ‘rish d av rid a jin siy a ’z o la r gigiyenasi- ga a l o h i d a e ’t i b o r b e r is h lo z i m . H a y z k u n l a r i d a q i n d a n k o 'p g i n a s h ilim sh iq m o d d a ajraladi. O q m o d d a n i n g k o ‘p ajra- lishi qiz b o la n in g gigiyena q o id a la rig a rioya q ilm a slig id a n d ir. Oqsil m o d d a n i n g p a y d o boMishi jin siy a ’z o la r n i kasalligidan d a r a k beradi. Q iz la r jin siy b a lo g ‘a tg a y e tg a n id a o ‘z o r g a n iz - m id a k e c h a y o tg a n o ‘zg arish larn i b o s h q a kishiga aytishga uya- ladi. S h u n i n g u c h u n , qiz b o la n in g o n a s i yoki ayol o ‘q itu v c h i b u n d a y o ‘z g a rish la rn i tu s h u n t i r i b berishi va jin siy a ’z o la rn i to z a saq lash h a q id a u y a lm a s d a n aytib berishi kerak. 172 FO YD ALANILGAN AD ABIYO TLAR 1. S. I. Galperin. « A n a t o m i y a , fi z i o l o g i y a c h e l o v e k a » . « V n e s h n y a y a s h k o - la» n a s h r i y o t i , М . , 1 98 6 у. 2. М. T. Matyushonok. « K i c h i k m a k t a b y o s h i d a g i b o l a l a r a n a t o m i y a , fi z i o l o g i y a s i va g i g i v e n a s i » . « 0 ‘q i t u v c h i » n a s h r i y o t i . Т . , 19 75 у. 3. A. S. Х р и п к о ва , М. А н т роп ова. « В о з р а с т н а я ф и з и о л о г и я и ш к о л ь н а я г и г и е н а » . П р о с в е щ е н и е , М . , 1 9 90 г. 4. М. М. Solixova, Q. S. Socliqov. « O d a m a n a t o m i v a s i » . « 0 ‘q i t u v c h i » Т . , 1983 у. 5. Q. S. Sodiqov. « 0 ‘q u v c h i l a r f i z i o l o g i v a s i v a g i g i v e n a s i » . « 0 ‘q i t u v c h i » . Т . , 19 92 у. 6. Q. S. Sodiqov. « O i l a v i y h a y o t g i g i y e n i k h a m d a j i n s i y t a r b i v a » . « O ' q i t u v c h i » . Т . , 19 96 у. 7. U. Z. Zufarov. « O d a m f i z i o l o g i y a s i » . « A b u Ali i b n S i n o » n a s h r i y o t i . Т . . 19 86 у. 8. Q. S. Sodiqov, S. X. Oripova. « S o g ‘l o m a v l o d u c h u n » m a ’r u z a l a r m a t n i , 2 0 0 3 y. 9. Q. S. Sodiqov. « B o l a l a r a n a t o m i y a s i v a fi z io lo g iy a s i» m a ’r u z a l a r m a t n i , 20 0 1 y. 10. D. Sh. Sharipova. « 0 ‘q u v c h i l a r g i g i y e n a s i » . « 0 ‘q i t u v c h i » . Т . , 1 98 0 у. 173 М и 14 D A R I J А K i r i s h ......................................................................................................................................................... 3 O r g a n i z m n i n g r i v o j l a n i s h i d a m u h i t va i r s i y a t n i n g r o l i ...........................................21 1 l u j a y r a n i n g l u z i l i s h i ..................................................................................................................... 21 B o l a l a r n i n g o ' s i s h va r i v o j l a n i s h i q o n u n i y a t l a r i ...........................................................26 T o ' q u n a l a r .............................................................................................................................................32 M a k t a b i m o r a t i g a q o ' y i l a d i g a n g i g i y e n a va p c d a g o g i k t a l a b l a r ........................ 37 N e r v s i s t c m a s i ..................................................................................................................................... 41 N e r v t o l a l a r i n i n g t u z u l i s h i v a x u s u s i y a t l a r i .....................................................................4 3 R e f l e k s n e r v f a o l i y a t i n i n g a s o s i y s h a k l i ............................................................................4 5 O r q a m i y a n i n g t u z i l i s h i v a f u n k s i y a l a r i ............................................................................50 B o s h m i y a n i n g s tv o l q i s m i ........................................................................................................ 52 V e g e t a t i v n e r v s i s t e m a s i n i n g t u z u l i s h i ................................................................................ 56 V c g c t a t i v n e r v s i s t e m a s i n i n g f u n k s i y a l a r i .........................................................................57 R e t i k u l a r f o r m a t s i y a .......................................................................................................................6 0 B o s h m i y a k a t t a y a r i m s h a r l a r i .............................................................................................. 60 D i n a m i k s t e r e o t i p ............................................................................................................................ 7 0 B i r i n c h i v a i k k i n c h i s i g n a l s i s t e m a s i ................................................................................... 71 U y q u . t u s h k o ' r i s h va g i p n o z ...................................................................................................72 0 ‘q i t i s h n i n g f i z i o l o g i k a s o s l a r i ................................................................................................76 C h e k i s h n i n g v a s p i r t l i i c h i m h k i c h i s h n i n g n e r v s i s t e m a s i g a t a ’s i r i ................77 N e r v s i s t e m a s i g i g i y e n a s i .............................................................................................................78 T n ’l i m - t a r b i y a j a r a y o n i g i g i y e n a s i .........................................................................................79 S e z g i o r g a n l a r i — a n a l i z a t o r l a r .............................................................................................. 84 T e r i a n a l i z a t o r i n i n g t u z i l i s h i v a f u n k s i y a l a r i ..................................................................85 T e r i g i g i y e n a s i ..................................................................................................................................... 87 T e r i k a s a l l i k l a r i .................................................................................................................................. 88 C h i n i q t i r i s h ...........................................................................................................................................89 T a ' m b i l i s h a n a l i z a t o r i ................................................................................................................. 93 H i d b il i s h a n a l i z a t o r i ..................................................................................................................... 94 K o ' r i s h a n a l i z a t o r i ........................................................................................................................... 95 K o ' r u v g i g i y e n a s i ..............................................................................................................................9 9 T a b i i y y o r i t i s h .................................................................................................................................. 100 S u n ’iy y o r i t i s h .................................................................................................................................100 N o i n f e k s i o n k o ‘z k a s a l l i k l a r i n i n g o l d i n i o l i s h ........................................................... 100 E s h it ish a n a l i z a t o r i ....................................................................................................................... 101 T a y a n c h — h a r a k a t a p p a r a t n i n g y o s h g a o i d x u s u s i y a t l a r i ............................... 104 M u s k u l l a r n i n g t u z i l i s h i . f u n k s i y a l a r i va y o s h g a o i d x u s u s i y a t l a r i ................I l l 174 S h i k a s t l a n i s h l a r v a b a x t s i z h o d i s a l a r d a b i r i n c h i y o r d a m k o ' r s a t i s h ........... 119 S i n f j i h o z l a r i g a q o Ly i l a d i g a n g i g i y e n i k t a l a b l a r ......................................................... 125 Q o n n i n g t u z i l i s h i , f u n k s i y a l a r i v a v o s h g a o i d x u s u s i y a t l a r i ............................ 126 Q o n n i n g a h a m i y a t i ...................................................................................................................... 126 N a f a s o r g a n l a r i n i n g t u z i l i s h i , f u n k s i y a l a r i va v o s h g a o i d x u s u s i y a t l a r i . . . . 139 O v q a t h a z m q i l i s h o r g a n l a r i n i n g t u z i l i s h i , f u n k s i y a l a r i va v o s h g a o i d x u s u s i y a t l a r i .................................................................................................................... 146 M o d d a l a r va e n e r g i y a a l m a s h i n u v i , o v q a t l a n i s h ...................................................... 153 M o d d a l a r a l m a s h i n u v i va u n i n g o r g a n i z m h a y o t f a o l i y a t i u c h u n a h a m i y a t i ................................................................................................................................... 153 A j r a t i s h ................................................................................................................................................. 160 S i y d i k n i n g h o s il b o ' l i s h i ........................................................................................................... 162 I c h k i s e k r e t s i y a b e z l a r i n i n g t u z i l i s h i , f u n k s i y a l a r i va v o s h g a o i d x u s u s i y a t l a r i ............................................................................................................................. 163 G i g i y e n i k t a r b i y a v a t a ' l i m n i n g a s o s i y m a q s a d i ...................................................... 170 B o s h l a n g ' i c h s i n f o ‘q u v c h i l a r i d a j i n s i y t a r b i y a n i t a r k i b t o p t i r i s h .................171 Q i z l a r g i g i y e n a s i ..............................................................................................................................172 F o y d a l a n i l g a n a d a b i y o t l a r ........................................................................................................ 173 Qobil S O D I Q O V KICHIK MAKTAB YO SHIDAG I BO LAIAR ANATOM1YASI, FIZIOLOGIYASI VA GIGIYENASI Kasb-huncir kollejlari uchun о ‘ quv qo 'Hanma M u h a r r i r S. Mirzaxo‘ jayev Badiiy m u h a r r i r J. Gurova T e x n i k m u h a r r i r 7. Smirnova Download 93.45 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©fayllar.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling