Modern trends and concepts in Phraseology

Homonyms are words that share the same pronunciation but different meanings.
Euphemism is a subsitutition of words and expressions of milder vague connatations for rough , unpleasant or indecent expressions. To die; pass away, join the majority.
Slangism- screw up, on pins and needles.
Archaisms-To call spade a spade

114. What is nominative-communicative phraseological unit? Provide examples.

Nominative – communicative phraseological units include stable word groups of the type to break the ice, which can be transformed into a sentence when the verb is used in the passive voice – the ice was broken by one of the children starting to sing a carol.
E.g. to burn one’s boats \ bridges- doing smth, that makes it impossible to go back to the original state, e.g, his bridges were burnt long before he met joana, and she was happy about it.
115. How is ‘conceptual blending’ created? Give examples
In cognitive linguistics, conceptual blending, also called conceptual integration or view application, is a theory of cognition developed by Gilles Fauconnier and Mark Turner. According to this theory, elements and vital relations from diverse scenarios are "blended" in a subconscious process, which is assumed to be ubiquitous to everyday thought and language. Much like memetics, it is an attempt to create a unitary account of the cultural transmission of ideas.[1]

History
The development of this theory began in 1993 and a representative early formulation is found in the online article "Conceptual Integration and Formal Expression".[2] Turner and Fauconnier cite Arthur Koestler's 1964 book The Act of Creation as an early forerunner of conceptual blending: Koestler had identified a common pattern in creative achievements in the arts, sciences and humor that he had termed "bisociation of matrices."[3]

Generic space – captures a common structure which is present in all input spaces
Input space – provides the contents of a specific situation or idea
Blended space – contains a general structure from a generic space as well as some elements from input spaces chosen and mapped onto this space through selective projection[14]

116. What is the difference between idiophraseomatic and phraseomatic meanings? Provide examples