Нейшее место в жизни человека

Summary. Problems of stress itself and the human response 
to an acute stress play an important role in the prehospital and 
early hospital stages of administering emergency medical care. 
This concerns both individual cases, and a large number of vic-
tims in emergency situations, various disasters, military actions, 
etc. Besides, this issue is of a current importance in administe-
ring the medical aid in emergencies in the structure of somatic 
pathology. An acute stress reaction and the reaction of the per-
son to stress when exposed to isolated psychogenic factor and its 
combination with somatic one occupies a special place. Men-
tioned above implies a certain training of specialists of somatic 
profile or managing patients in conjunction with a psychiatrist, 
clinical psychologist or psychotherapist.
The paper presents an analysis of the meanings used in the 
research and clinical practice terminology on stress problems. 
There was drawn a distinction between stress reaction itself 
to the impact of the stress factor in the structure of stress and 
psychosomatic reaction of the body to stress. It was shown that 
the response to stress takes a long period of time (in contrast 
to stress reaction) and has a significant influence on the course 
and treatment of somatic disorders after exposure of the stress 
factor. The paper presents the characteristics of the course of 
psychogenic and somatogenic stress. It is shown that an acute 
clinical course is peculiar only to somatogenic stress and it ends 
with recovery, adaptation of the organism to injury or with a 
death. Isolated psychogenic stress or such in the background of 
somatogenic one can acquire properties of chronic stress. The 
following factors can lead to the condition mentioned above: 
a) mental revival of experienced stress event; b) the features of 
the reaction of the person who has to endure stress. In the ab-
sence of adequate assistance and further treatment by appropri-
ate specialists this can be accompanied by a further develop-
ment of mental disorders (most often — posttraumatic stress 
disorder).
A detailed analysis of the nosological types of the mental 
stress reactions has been carried out in terms of ICD-10. A clear 
distinction between the classes of the mental reaction was given.