Nomozov Boysoat page1
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91. O’tgan zamonda bir ish-harakatdan oldinroq tugagan ish-harakat uchun Past Perfect o’rniga boshqa Past zamonlarni ishlatish Wrong : The train already left before I arrived Right : The train had already left before I arrived O’tgan zamonda bir vaqtdan yoki biror ish-harakatdan oldin tugagan ish-harakat uchun Past Perfect ishlatamiz. Vaqt by, by the time, when orqali ifodalanishi mumkin . I had finished dinner by six o’clock.- Men soat 6 gacha tushlikni tugatgandim.( Buyerda tushlikni nechida tugatdi bilmaymiz, lekin biz 6 dan oldin ya’ni 6 gacha tugatganini bilamiz. Shu sababli birichi tugagan ish-harakat Past Perfect ishlatildi.) The train left at 9am. We arrived at 9.15am. When we arrived, the train had left. - Poyezd soat 9 da jo’nab ke’tti. Biz 9:15 yetib keldik(vokzalga). Qachonki biz kelganimizda, Poyez ketib bo’lgandi Izoh: Nega biz buyerda Past Perfect ishlatdik? Chunki poyez ketib bo’lishi biz kelishimizdan oldin sodir bo’lgandi, Biz bir ish-harakatdan oldinro boshqa ish-harakat sodir bo’lganiga urg’u berish uchun birinchi sodir bo’lgan ish-harakat uchun past perfect ishlatamiz. Bunda Perfectdagi ish-harakat Past Simlpe dagidan oldin tugagan bo’ladi.. Biz 9:15 keldik, poyezd 9:00 jonat ketgandi… Doimo birinchi tugagan ish-harakatni Past Perfect ikkinchi ish-harakatni Past Simple ifodalang. Agar ikkita ish-harakatdan bittasi ikkinchisan oldin tugagan bo’lsa birinchi tugagani Past Perfectda ifoda eting. 92. No sooner…than, hardly/scarcely…when qurilishda daraka gaplarni noto’gri tuzish Nomozov Boysoat page20
: Hardly /Scarcely I had reached the station when the train came Right : Hardly/ Scarcely had I reached the station when the train came Wrong : No sooner he had arrived, than he fell ill. Right : No sooner had he arrived, than he fell ill. No sooner… than, hardly/scarcely… when iborasi kelgan gapda inversiya hodisa bo’ladi sababi bu inkor ma’noli so’zlar gapni boshlab beryabdi shu sababli yordamchi fe’l egadan oldinga o’tadi va gap xuddi so’roq gap shaklida bo’ladi lekin darak gap hisoblanadi. Yordamchi fe’l egadan oldinga chiqaniga qarab gap oxiriga so’roq belgisini qo’ymang sababi bu sozlar bilan tuzilgan gaplar gap tuzilishi so’roq bo’lgan bilan gaplar darak gap xisoblanadi tarjimasi ham shunaqa.
Yana eslatma: Bu No sooner, hardly/scarcely so’zlari kelgan qism Past Perfect zamonda bo’ladi, than/when keyingi qism past simple zamonida bo’ladi 93. Hozirgi zamon bilan o’tgan tugalangan zamoni pastdagidek gaplarda birga qo’llamang bu xato bo’ladi: Birinchi qism o’tgan zamonda bo’sa keyingi qism ham o’tgan zamon bo’ladi Wrong : My brother says that he had not gone to the cinema last night Right : My brother said that he had not gone to the cinema the night before 94. Past simple o’rniga Past Perfectni noto’g’ri ishlatish: Wrong : I had finished the book yesterday Right : I finished the book yesterday Bitta gapda o’tgan zamonda biror ish-harakatdan oldinroq tugagan ish-harakat bo’lmasa, Past Perfect ishlatmaymiz. Agar bitta ish-harakat bo’lsa ikkinchisi bo’lmasa Past Simple ishlatiladi. Qisqasi Past Perfect ishlatishimiz uchun ish-harakat biror vaqtdan oldin tugagan yoki biror ish-harakatdan oldin tugagan bo’lshi kerak ya’ni Past Perfect qo’llamoqchi bo’lgan gapda boshqa bitta o’tgan zamon fe’li bo’lshi kerak 95. Payt va Shart ergash gaplarda kelasi zamon uchun Present zamonlarini emas Future zamonlarni noto’g’ri ishlatish Wrong : I will see you when I will come back Right : I will see you when I come back When, whenever, while, as, since, after, before, until, as soon as, once bog’lovchilaridan keyin kelasi zamon shakli ya’ni will ishlatilmaydi uning o’rniga hozirgi zamon shakli ishlatiladi. “Peter will telephone you when he will return”.. xolida ishlatish xato sababi when dan keyin kelasi zamon shakli will ishlatilmaydi. Eslatma biz bu “ Peter will telephone you when he returns.” shaklida ishlatamiz. Testlarda ehtiyot bo’ling tepadagi bo’glovchilardan( when, whenever, while, as, since, after, before, until, as soon as, once) so’ng will qo’ymang When I will do deyish xato. Buni o’rniga when I do to’g’ri 96. If gaplarda present tense o’rniga future tenseni noto’g’ri ishlatish Wrong : If he will ask me, I will stay Right : If he askes me, I will stay Biz if gaplarda kelasi zamon yasash uchun hozirigi zamon shaklini ishlatamiz. If I will do deb bo’lmaydi if dan kegin will ishlatilmaydi tepadagi bog’lovchilar o’zdan kegin will olmagandek if ham o’zdan kegin will olmaydi. If dan keyin hozirgi zamon shakli keladi va kelasi zamon ma’nosini beradi: If he comes, ask him to wait. – Agarda u kelsa, kutib turishini so’ra Nomozov Boysoat page21
As if va As though bilan boshlangan gaplarda Past tense o’rniga Present tense olish xato. Agarda gap no real(haqiqatga to’g’ri kelmaydigan) gap bo’lsa Wrong : Akmal talks as if he knows everything Right : Akmal talks as if he knew everything As if va As though o’zbek tilida go’yo, go’yoki, xuddi degan so’zlarga to’g’ri keladi. As if va as though ikkita gapni bir biriga bo’glaydi. Bu so’zlar kelgan qismda gaplar tuzilishi boshqacharoq bo’ladi. Ya’ni As if va as though dan keyin hozirgi zamon uchun o’tgan zamon shakli ishlatiladi. Bu so’zlar kelgan qism asosan no real, haqiqatga to’g’ri kelmaydigan, aqlga sig’mayidigan gaplarni bir biriga bog’lagani uchun o’zdan kegin kelgan qism bitta zamon pastga tushadi. Hozirgi zamon o’tgan zamonga aylanadi
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Akmal talks as if he knew everything – Akmal go’yoki hamma narsani biladigandek gaplashadi( bu haqiqatga to’g’ri kelmaydi aslida u hamma narsani bilmaydi.) • He behaves as if he were the bos – U o’zini xuddi boshliqday tutadi (lekin haqiqiy vaziyatda u boshliq emas) • He talks as if he was rich. – U boy odamdek gapiradi( aslida hayotda u boy emas, lekin go’yoki boy odamdek gapiradi. Hamma fe’llarga Eslatma as if/though keyin o’tgan zamon shakli kelyabdi) If va Wish gaplarda qilinadigan xatolar If clause uzbek tilida shart ergash gaplar deyiladi sababi if bilan boshlangan gaplarda shart bo’ladi agar biri ish-harakat sodir bo’lsagina ikkinchisi sodir bo’ladi. Masalan : If you study more, your English will get better. – Agarda sen ko’proq o’qisang, Ingliz tiling yaxshilanadi (buyerda ham agarda ko’proq o’qisa ingliz tilisi yaxshilanadi bo’lmasa yaxshilanmaydi. Agar if qismidagi ish-harakat sodir bo’masa ikkinchi tomondagi gap ham sodir bo’lmaydi shu sababli bu gaplar shart ergash gaplar deyladi) 98. “ Zero conditional “da kelasi zamonni ishlatish xato Wrong : If you boil water, it will turn into gas. Right : If you boil water, it turns into gas. Zero conditional formulasi: If + hozirgi oddiy zamondagi gap , hozirgi oddiy zamondagi gap.(If I do, I do) Biz zero conditionalni umimiy sodir bo’ladigan narsalar uchun ishlatamiz. Masalan , agarda suvni qaynatsa, u gazga aylanadi. Muzga issiq tasir qilsa, muz eriydi. Shunga o’xshash doimiy narsalar uchun ishlatiladi 99. “The first conditional” da if qatnashgan qismda will ishlatish xato Wrong : If I will see Peter, I’ll ask him. Right : If I see Peter, I’ll ask him. Tepada ham qoidalarda aytgandik if dan keyin will kelmaydi. The first conditional formulasi: If + hozirgi zamondagi gap, kelasi zamondagi gap. (If I do, I will do) Hozirgi zamonda yoki kelajakda bo’lish ehtimoli yuqori bo’lgan ish-harakatlarda ishlatiladi. Masalan: If the weather is fine, we’ll go to the park. - Agar havo yaxshi bo`lsa, parkka boramiz. 100. “The second conditional” da ya’ni no real ish-harakatlar uchun o’tgan zamon o’rniga hozirgi zamoni qo’lash va If bor qismda will va would qo’yish xato Wrong : I am very poor, If I have a lot of money, I will buy a house in Jeneva. Right : I am very poor. If I had a lot of money, I would buy a house in Jeneva . Nomozov Boysoat page22
Bunday gaplar hozirgi zamon yoki kelajakda sodir bo’lish ehtimoli yo’q bo’lgan ish-harakatlarda ishlatiladi. O’z nomi bilan no real haqiqatga to’g’ri kelmaydigan gaplar biz shunchaki tasavur qilib gapiramiz The second conditional formulasi: If + past simple, + would/could/might+verb (infinitive) If I were you I would tell all the truth – Agarda o’rningda bo’lganimda(men sen bo’lganimda) , men hamma haqiqatni aytardim( lekin bu ish no real sababi men sizni o’rnizda bo’lolmayman) Wrong : If I would have more time, I would take up golf. Right : If I had more time, I would take up golf. Muxim ikki qoida if gaplarda if dan keyin will/would kelmaydi, no real ishlarda hozirgi zamon uchun o’tgan zamon shakllari ishlatiladi. Agar siz gapiryotgan gapiz haqiqatga to’gri kelmasa, tasavvur qilib gapirsangiz, siz shu the second conditional formulasidek gaplarni tuzing 101. “The third conditional” Past Perfect o’rniga Past simple ishlatish va if bor qismda would have P.P ishlatish xato Wrong : If you would have studied more, your English would have improved. Right : If you had studied more, your English would have improved. “The third conditional” gaplari o’tgan zamonda sodir bo’lmagan hayoliy yoki imkonsiz ish- harakatlarida, pushaymonlik va tanqid gaplarda ishlatiladi.
If we had arrived at the theatre earlier, we would have found a seat. – Agarda biz teatrga ertaroq kelganimizda edi, biz o’rindiq topgan bo’lar edik(lekin biz erta kelmaganmiz va bo’sh o’rinlar qolmagan) Wrong : If you would have studied more, your English would have improved. Right : If you had studied more, your English would have improved. 102. Wish gaplarda I would wish to infinitive va I wish I would shaklida gap tuzish xato Wrong : I would wish to know more English Right : I wish(that) I knew more English Wrong : I wish I would know more english Right : I wish(that) I knew more English Wish gaplarning formulasi: wish + past simple. O’zbek tilida “qani edi” so’ziga to’g’ri keladi. Pastdagi misollarni gap tuzilishiga Eslatma I wish I were in London now – Qani edi, hozir Londonda bo’lganimda edi. I wish I had gone to the cinema yesterday – Qani edi, kecha kinoteatrga borganimda edi. Nomozov Boysoat page23
Olmoshlarda qilinadigan xatolar 103. Jonsiz narsalar bilan egalik ma’nosini bildirish uchun ‘s ishlatish xato Wrong : Her room’s window is open Right : The window of her room is open Jonsiz narsalar bilan of ishlatamiz. Uzbekchada of va ‘s tarjimasi ning qo’shimchaga to’gri keladi va egalikni bildiradi:
iqlimi), The school’s main office= the main office of the school(maktabning bosh offisi) Eslatma: Biz a day’s work, a night’s rest, a week’s shakliday, a pound’s worth, etc. asosan vaqt o’lchovlari bilan 104. Between predlogidan keyin bu olmoshlarni: I, he, she, it , we, you they qo’yish xato. Wrong : It is a secret between you and I Right : It is a secret between you and me Between predlog hisoblanadi va predloglar o’zidan keyin doim objective case(obyekt kelishigidagi) olmoshlarni oladi. Objective case olmoshlari: me, him, her, it, us, you, them. Subjective case olmoshlari : I, he, she, it , we, you they. Eslab qoling: Between predlogidan keyin subjective case olmoshlari emas objective case olmoshlari ishlatamiz. between you and I xato between you and me to’g’ri 105. Gerund dan oldin objective case olmoshlarni ishlatish xato Wrong : Him laughing at her was what made her angry Right : His laughing at her was what made her angry Qachonki ing olgan fe’l ot kabi ishlatilsa o’zidan oldin egalik olmoshlarni talab qiladi.Shu uchun biz “gerund”dan oldin objective case olmoshlarni ishlatmaymiz. Egalik olmoshlari: my, his, her, its, our, your, their. 106. of + name + ‘s (a neighbour of Tom’s,) of + mine/yours/his/hers/ours/theirs ( a friend of mine) birikmalarida of predlogidan keyin objective case olmoshlarni ishlatish xato Wrong : A friend of him told us the new Right : A friend of his told us the new Nomozov Boysoat page24
Biz a friend of mine/yours/his/hers/ours/theirs shaklida ishlatamiz, tarjimasi larining biri deb tarjima qilinadi va a friend o’rnida boshqa so’z bo’lshi mumkin. A friend of mine – mening do’stlarimning biri, a neighbour of yours – sizning qo’shnilarizning biri Biz bu so’zlarni yana boshqa usulda a friend of Tom’s, a neighbour of Akmal’s/my sister’s shaklida aytsak bo’ladi. Ammo a friend of me,him,her,it, us, you, them shaklida aytish xato
O’zlik olmoshlarini(-self) ega sifatida ishlatish xato. Ko’plar gapda ikkita ega kelsa ikkinchi egani o’zlik olmoshida olishadi bu xato. O’zlik olmoshi hech qachon gapda ega bo’lib kelmaydi.
Ko’pchlik o’zlik olmoshini shaklini xato ishlatadi. Masalan: himself o’rniga hisself, themselves o’rniga themself, yoki theirself ishlatish xato Wrong : They fell down and hurt theirselves Right : They fell down and hurt themselves 109. Ko’pchilik o’zlik olmoshida yourselves va yourself ishlatishda xatoga yo’l qo’yishadi. Yourselves- ko’plik (ko’p kishi), yourself- birlik (bir kishi) Wrong : Both of you should be proud of yourself Right : Both of you should be proud of yourselves Bu ikki olmosh ikki xil ma’no beradi. Yourself- sizning o’zingiz bir kishi uchun ishlatiladi. Yourselves- sizlarning o’zlaringiz ko’p kishi uchun ishlatiladi. Buyerda ham both of you deyilmoqda demak sizning ikkalangiz degani bir kishidan ko’p shu sababli ko’plikda yourselves ishlatiladi. You need to do the homework yourself, Mary. (
Guys, look at yourselves!(guys-ko’p kishi)
Ingliz tilida o’zlik olmoshini olmaydigan fe’llar bor. Ular bilan o’zlik olmoshi ishlatilmaydi ishlatilsa ham kamdan kam va deyarli ishlatilmaydi. Tinglovchiga ham g’alati eshitiladi Wrong : He always shaved himself before going out in the evening. Right : He always shaved before going out in the evening . Download 1.97 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: 
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