Of the republic of uzbekistan tashkent state pedagogical university named after nizami
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- 2. Ancient civilizations
- 3. Medieval Europe
- 4. Modern times
1. Tribal and clan societies: In early tribal and clan societies, agreements were often reached through informal consensus building and discussion. For example, tribe members might come together to discuss a hunting strategy and agree on a plan of action. In the absence of formal legal structures, disagreements were often resolved through negotiation and compromise.
2. Ancient civilizations: As societies became more complex, legal and political systems emerged to help regulate and enforce agreements. In ancient Greece, for example, courts were established to resolve disputes between individuals and tribes. Formal written contracts also became more common during this time, which helped to ensure that agreements were enforceable and binding. 3. Medieval Europe: During the Middle Ages, agreements and contracts were often enforced by religious organizations. For example, the Catholic Church established a system of canon law that governed agreements between individuals and groups. Disagreements were often resolved through trial by combat, or through negotiation and arbitration. 4. Modern times: In modern times, the legal system has become the primary means of enforcing agreements and resolving disputes. Agreements are typically formalized in writing and supported by a network of legal protections and regulations. In cases where disputes cannot be resolved through negotiation, parties can turn to formal legal processes such as mediation, arbitration, or litigation. Throughout history, the ability to reach agreements and resolve disagreements has been essential to human progress and cooperation. The methods for doing so have evolved over time, but the underlying importance of these concepts remains the same. Agreement can be described as a concurring stance (verbal or nonverbal) to a previous action or position taken through the use of each other speaker, indicating that an addressee shares the speaker’s frame of mind to, or opinion of, that motion or position. Conversely, disagreement is described as an oppositional stance to a preceding movement or characteristic taken with the useful resource of each other speaker. We can also say that speaker S disagrees when s/he considers untrue, unfounded, or objectionable some proposition P uttered or presumed to be espoused by an addressee A and reacts with an utterance the propositional content material or implicature of which is not P[12,1]. In the Middle Ages, this con the chain is directly associated with the theory of education and functioning state based on a universal agreement or « agreement «. Concept consent can be found in the writings of such thinkers as Hobbs, J. Locke, J.J. Russo, Voltaire, I. Kant [12,4]. Logically, the concept « agreement « was considered primarily as a concept of the truth of judgment. B linguistics interest in the concept of consent as a type of speech act has become curl in the second half of the 20th century in connection with the development of activity ideas about the language as the interaction between the speaker and the hearing ting. In the 60 − 70s of the XX century, scientists – representatives of the Oxford schools J. Austin, J. Searle, G.P. Grace turned to the study of the bottom of the human language in the natural conditions of its functioning vanity.[15,47]Linguistic researchers studying this language howling problems formed common theses characterizing the speech act consent. First, the speech act of consent must be studied in context site, that is, in the dialogue unity into which he enters. I initiate This replica greatly affects the response. It determines the possible the spectrum of lexical and grammatical elements, tone and features of non- verbal communication. Secondly, the concept « agreement « is for expressing approval of the interlocutor's point of view. Acceptance of opinion the gray-haired can be complete and incomplete, categorical and not categorical, but it must have positive semantics. Thirdly, in seman-in the quiet sense, the modal assessment is reflected in the category under consideration what statements of a communication partner in terms of compliance reality. That is why among the main means of expression consent was called modal words and modal particles. Agreement – is a statement of correctness and acceptability of opinion interlocutor, assessment of this opinion as appropriate , expression of similarity of positions, views of communicants. To consent chain includes various types of positive reaction firmament, approval, permission, promise, contract, assignment, as well as partial consent and uncertain consent. MK. Lyubimova shares data of legal significance for two groups – full and incomplete consent.[12,4] “Under we fully agree with the understanding of consent, when the opinion, intention, the desire of the addressee fully coincides with the opinion, intention, desire I eat the addressee, which is expressed in the replica reaction . Incomplete consent – this is such a consent when the opinion, intention, desire of the address ant of the same they speak with the opinion, intention, desire of the addressee, but speaking in replica- the reaction expresses a certain condition in which he agrees with the interlocutor, or in the consent of the speaker there is uncertainty with opinion of the interlocutor” Download 1.31 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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