On phenomena in ionized gases
Quantification of UV/VUV photon fluxes of hydrogen plasmas by
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- References
- Radial and temporal density profiles of Ar(1s 5 ) metastables in a nanosecond pulsed plasma jet impinging on different dielectric surfaces
- 2. Experimental setup and results
- 3. References
- Microwave capillary discharge as way to influence biological objects
- Diffuse discharges in helium and air: role of fast secondary electrons
- 5. References
- Reactive fluxes and ion activation energy to particulates in air and on dielectric surfaces
- 2. Results and discussions
Quantification of UV/VUV photon fluxes of hydrogen plasmas by spectroscopy and by collisional radiative modelling
U. Fantz 1,2 , S. Briefi 2 , R. Friedl 2 , C. Fröhler 1 , D. Rauner 1 , D. Wünderlich 1
1 Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany 2 AG Experimentelle Plasmaphysik, Universität Augsburg, Universitätsstr. 1, D-86159 Augsburg, Germany
Photon fluxes are derived from absolutely calibrated UV/VUV spectroscopic measurements at a planar ICP discharge at 2 MHz in the pressure range of 1 Pa to 10 Pa. It is shown that the photon fluxes are comparable or even slightly higher than the ion fluxes onto a surface making it necessary to consider their impact for surface treatment processes. In order to predict photon fluxes for other parameters, collisional radiative modelling is used taking into account opacity effects of the Lyman lines. For the molecules ro-vibrationally resolved Corona models are used for deriving photon fluxes in different wavelength regions.
Hydrogen plasmas exhibit intense molecular and atomic radiation in the UV/VUV range. Besides the Lyman lines, the resonant Lyman (B–X transition) and Werner band (C–X transition) of the molecule are most prominent in the wavelength region 90 nm to 170 nm, partly overlapping each other [1]. The radiation of the continuum transition (a–b) in the triplet system is less intense but ranges from 120 nm to 600 nm with its maximum around 200 nm. In contrast to the radiation in the visible spectral range, the energy of the UV/VUV photons is much higher, ranging from several eV up to above ten eV. Hence, UV/VUV photon fluxes onto surfaces can become relevant for controlling surface treatment processes. Previous investigations on photon fluxes and radiant power of UV/VUV photons in hydrogen and nitrogen plasmas for a cylindrical ICP [1] revealed that about 20% of the RF power delivered by the generator is radiated. The photon fluxes are in the range of 5 10
20 m
-2 s -1 and thus close to the ion fluxes at the pressure of 3 Pa. The present investigations focus on measure- ments in a planar ICP at 2 MHz and power levels up to 1 kW allowing for studying photon fluxes in the pressure range from 1 Pa to 10 Pa. Figure 1 shows that, at a pressure of 3 Pa, the photon flux in the VUV is distributed between the L line, the Lyman band (representing photons in the energy range of 6.5 – 9.5 eV) and the measured interval of the Werner band (photon energies between 9.5 eV and 10.3 eV) with slightly decreasing contributions. The measured values are compared to calculations based either on the collisional radiative model for the atoms (optically thin) or on ro-vibrationally resolved Corona models.
Figure 1. Photon fluxes measured in an ICP discharge at 3 Pa and 700 W RF power. Predictions obtained from CR (optically thin) and Corona modelling are also shown.
As the experiment is equipped with a RF phase- resolved voltage/-current measurement, the power coupled to the plasma and thus the RF efficiency can be quantified. The extension of the pressure range allows studying opacity effects. The predictive modelling capability of the collisional radiative models can be checked by comparison with measurements. Furthermore, the ro-vibrational Corona model for prediction of photon fluxes of the Lyman band is extended by considering the cascades from the EF-state. Predictive modelling of photon fluxes are presented as well for a variation of electron density and temperature. The influence of the degree of dissociation is discussed.
[1] U. Fantz, S. Briefi, D. Rauner, D Wünderlich, Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 25 (2016) 045006.
Topic number: 8 194 XXXIII ICPIG, July 9-14, 2017, Estoril/Lisbon, Portugal
Radial and temporal density profiles of Ar(1s 5 ) metastables in a nanosecond pulsed plasma jet impinging on different dielectric surfaces
K. Gazeli P 1 P , U G. Bauville UP 1 P , M. Fleury P 1 P , O. Neveu P 1
, P. Jeanney 1 , S. Pasquiers 1 , J. Santos Sousa 1
1 P
We report on the radial-temporal distribution of Ar(1s 5 ) absolute density in a cold nanosecond pulsed plasma jet impinging on ungrounded flat surfaces of different dielectric constants. The plasma was produced in the form of Guided Streamers (GSs) propagating through the argon gas channel at velocities of some 100s of km/s, reaching the surface in some 10s of ns and spreading on it. The influence of each surface on the Ar(1s 5 ) absolute density radial and temporal profiles and on the GSs optical characteristics was evaluated for two gas flow rates, 300 and 400 sccm (standard cubic centimetres per minute). At these conditions, a diffuse discharge was established in contrast with the free-jet case (no target). This allowed reliable quantification of the Ar(1s 5 ) radial density by means of a TDLAS setup and Abel-inverted profiles of the Ar(1s 5 ) transversal density. 1. Introduction Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jets (APPJs) in the form of Guided Streamers (GSs) [1,2] are sources of abundant (re)active species, among which, various metastables. Metastables preserve their energies for relatively long time, contributing this way to the plasma reactivity, which is important for various applications. To map their absolute densities in He APPJs, Tunable
Diode Laser
Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) has been applied [2]. Nonetheless, for Ar APPJs this technique must be applied wisely due to their filamentary nature in some cases [1]. This work is devoted to the measurement of the spatiotemporal density of Ar(1s 5
dielectric flat surfaces, for conditions which give a diffuse plasma, allowing a precise mapping of the absolute density in both axial and radial coordinates.
A coaxial DBD reactor was employed to produce GSs in pure argon (flow rate range: 300−400 sccm) [1]. The reactor was driven by high voltage positive pulses (6±0.06 kV, 224±3 ns FWHM, 20 kHz). The dielectric targets (floating potential) were made of glass (e r ≈4, see Figure 1) and alumina (e r ≈9), and were placed 5 mm away from the end of the reactor’s tube. At these conditions, diffuse discharges were established, allowing reliable application of TDLAS to measure the spatial (i.e., axial−z and transversal−y, see Figure 1(a)) and the temporal (over a voltage impulse) distribution of Ar(1s 5
wavelength to be in resonance with the radiative transition 2p 9 −1s
5 of the excited Ar at 811.531 nm. Emission spectroscopy and ICCD imaging were also performed. The reactor−target system was mounted in µm-stages (z and y displacement). The absorption was recorded along the z- and y-axis in steps of 0.5 mm and 10 µm, respectively.
Figure 1. (a) Argon APPJ impinging on a glass surface (the laser beam in the TDLAS setup is illustrated in yellow) (b) ICCD image (3 ns gate) revealing diffuse discharge features.
The presence of the targets allowed the formation of diffuse discharges (see Figure 1). The transversal absorption profiles appeared well symmetric and reproducible. Thus, Abel inversion [2] was performed to map radial absolute density profiles at different z positions. Densities of some 10 14 cm –3
were measured, depending on the gas flow rate, axial position and target material. Besides, the effective lifetime of Ar(1s 5 ) varied between 50 and 400 ns, also depending on the operating condition. These results suggest that this device may be employed for the desorption of organic molecules present in trace amounts on the studied surfaces [1].
[1] X. Damany, S. Pasquiers, N. Blin-Simiand, G. Bauville, B. Bournonville, M. Fleury, P. Jeanney, J. Santos Sousa, Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys. 75 (2016) 24713. [2] C. Douat, I. Kacem, N. Sadeghi, G. Bauville, M. Fleury, V. Puech, J. Phys. D.: Appl. Phys. 49 (2016) 285204. Topic 10 195
XXXIII ICPIG, July 9-14, 2017, Estoril/Lisbon, Portugal
Microwave capillary discharge as way to influence biological objects
A. G. Akopdzhanov 1 , K.V. Artemyev 2 ., N .N. Bogachev 1,2 , A. M. Davydov 2 , I. Yu. Egorova 3 ,
N. G. Gusein-zade 1,2
, I. A. Kossyi 2 , N.L. Shimanowskii 1
P 1 P Medicobiologic faculyt, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU), Moscow, Russia
P 2 P
3 State Science Institution National Research Institute of Veterinary Virology and Microbiology of Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Moscow, Russia
We have studied microwave capillary discharge influence on culture of healthy and tumor cells. A experimental setup of microwave capillary discharge excite have been made. The discharge influenced the cell cultures. We have shown the possibility of local effects of the plasma filament on the viability of live cells with a high potential therapy for primary and secondary cancer formations. We used the culture of tumor cells Hela and prostate cancer and cell culture of fibroblasts as objects of our research. The authors assume the use of standard chemotherapy with plasma influence to increase the effectiveness of the therapy of cancer formations by rising the permeability of cell membranes.
We have studied microwave capillary discharge influence on culture of healthy and tumor cells. The experimental setup scheme of microwave capillary discharge treatment of cell cultures is presented on fig. 1. We have used the coaxial waveguide with the shortened central electrode (the inner conductor). The inner conductor is shorter than outer electrode (conductor) (2). The central electrode is hollow and also serves as a gas pipeline. The outer electrode (2) is grid with cells which size provides almost complete shielding of the microwave radiation and allows the discharge monitoring and measurement of its parameters. The discharge (4) was excited in a quartz capillary (3) which has been tightly fitted on the central electrode. The inner diameter of the quartz capillary is d c =1-1.5 mm. The discharge influenced the cell cultures. Argon was used as a working gas in our experiments. The microwave radiation frequency was
GHz.
The microwave power in the pulse was P=2 kW. The pulse duration was ranged from 10 till 20 mcs and the pulse repetition rate was 50 Hz. As shown in [1,2] the plasma torch generated contracted (diameter 200 µm) plasmoid (plasma filament) with electron concentration n
= 10
16 -10
17
cm -3 in each pulse. The electron temperature was T e
≈ 2 eV. We have shown the possibility of local effects of the plasma filament on the viability of live cells with a high potential therapy for primary and secondary cancer formations. We used the culture of tumor cells Hela and prostate cancer and cell culture of fibroblasts as objects of our research. MTT-test was used to evaluate the viability of cell cultures. The authors assume the use of standard chemotherapy with plasma influence to increase the effectiveness of the therapy of cancer formations by rising the permeability of cell membranes. This study is supported by Russian Science Foundation, project number 17-19-01583.
Fig 1. Scheme of experimental setup. [1] S.I. Gritsinin, P.A. Gushchin, A.M. Davydov et al. Plasma Phys. Rep. (2013) 39: 644. [2] S.I. Gritsinin, A.M. Davydov, I.A. Kossyi, Plasma Phys. Rep. (2015) 41: 591. 17 196
XXXIII ICPIG, July 9-14, 2017, Estoril/Lisbon, Portugal
Diffuse discharges in helium and air: role of fast secondary electrons
N. Babaeva, D. Tereshonok, G. Naidis, E. Son Joint Institute for High Temperatures Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhorskaya 13, Moscow 125412, Russia
We report on results from a computational investigation of nanosecond pulsed discharges in helium and air using a two-dimensional fluid and fluid-Monte Carlo simulations. Essential difference between discharges initiated in helium and air is observed. The diffuse discharge in helium is formed due to fast (but not runaway) secondary electrons as a result of ion bombardment of the cathode and Auger neutralization without any assumptions on the critical role of runaway electrons. Energetic secondary electrons emitted from surfaces are treated by the kinetic Electron Monte Carlo Module with account for elastic, inelastic and super elastic collisions. Conventional fluid equations describe the bulk electrons with relatively low mean energy.
Diffuse discharges in atmospheric pressure air, helium and other gases in tube-to-plane gaps are initiated by short high-voltage pulses using cathodes of small radius of curvature. The diffuse forms of such discharges are usually attributed to gas pre- ionization by runaway electrons [1]. 2. The model We computationally investigated the formation of nanosecond pulsed discharges in helium and air using a two-dimensional fluid and fluid-Monte Carlo simulations. The model, nonPDPSIM, used in this paper is discussed in Refs. [2,3]. The discharge is ignited in a cylindrical chamber between a tubular and a plane electrode. The voltage pulse amplitude is 120 kV and the pulse rise time is 1 ns. For air (O 2 + ions dominate) the energy of the beam of fast secondary electrons is 4 eV, for helium – 16 eV.
The ionization sources S MC produced by fast electrons and electron density in the conventional streamer with account for fast electrons are shown in figure 1. Tracks of electron avalanches in front of the streamer are clearly visible in figure 1b and 1e. These tracks follow the trajectories of sources S
In air only a few avalanches produced by fast electrons are observed which do not overlap and thus cannot result in essential pre-ionization in the gap. The resulting discharge is shown in Figure 1c. In helium multiple overlapping avalanches produced by fast electrons are observed thus indicating the generation of the diffuse discharge. The resulting electron density is shown in figure 1f.
The authors would like to thank Professor Mark J. Kushner for the elegant Electron Monte Carlo Module. This work is supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Project Number 14-50-00124).
Figure 1. Ionization sources S MC produced by beams of fast secondary electrons and resulting electron density in the evolving streamer shown for two time moments. (a,b,c) – air, (d,e,f) – helium.
[1] T. Shao, C. Zhang, Z. Niu, P. Yan,V. F. Tarasenko, E. Kh. Baksht, I. D. Kostyrya, and V. Shutko, J. Appl. Phys.109 (2011) 083306. [2] N. Yu. Babaeva, D. V. Tereshonok, and G. V. Naidis, Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 25 (2016) 044008. [3] M. J. Kushner, J. Appl. Phys. 95 (2004) 846.
Topic number 5 197 XXXIII ICPIG, July 9-14, 2017, Estoril/Lisbon, Portugal
Reactive fluxes and ion activation energy to particulates in air and on dielectric surfaces
N. Babaeva Joint Institute for High Temperatures Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhorskaya 13/2, Moscow, 125412, Russia
We report on a computational study of the intersection of plasma filaments in a dielectric barrier discharge with two small particulates suspended in air or residing on surfaces. The particulates are separated by a distant commensurate with the filament radius (140 μm). The particulates residing on the substrate surface can be totally or partially enveloped by the sheath formed beneath the positive filament and the substrate. Ion energies and fluxes incident on the particulate depend on dielectric properties of the underlying substrate material. Fluxes of photons, ions and radicals are recoded simultaneously with ion energy and angular distributions. By varying the dielectric constant of the substrate the energies of ions and fluxes of radicals can be controlled.
We study the ion energy and angular distributions incident on dielectric curved surfaces of particles resulting from the intersection of a DBD filament with small particulates-bacteria suspended in air or residing on surfaces. In this contribution, the model
The gas mixture is atmospheric-pressure humid air N 2 /O 2 /H 2 O = 79/20/1 at 300 K. The ion energies are simultaneously recorded along with the fluxes of photons, ions and reactive oxygen species. 2. Results and discussions We show that the relative location of the particle with respect to the filament axis determines the asymmetry of treatment on a short plasma time scale. The particulates residing on the substrate can be partially or totally immersed in the sheath formed beneath the filament and the substrate. If the size of the particle residing on surface is smaller or commensurate with the width of the sheath region (which is typically 15-20 µm), the sheath may partially envelope the particulate. The electric field in the sheath can accelerate ions to energies as high as a few tens of eV. However, these ions arrive to the surfaces with grazing angles. In addition, the sheath region is depleted by electrons and ions as compared to the bulk. This fact is often ignored while considering the bacteria treatment with positive filaments in DBDs. Ion and radical fluxes and ion energy and density incident onto the particulate may depend on dielectric constant of the underlying substrate materials (figure 1). By varying the dielectric constant of the substrate on which a particulate or bacteria reside the energies of ions and fluxes of radicals incident onto the surface can be controlled.
Figure 1. Close-up of the filament plasma (O 2 +
density) in vicinity of two particulates (20 µm diameter) suspended in air (a) and on the substrate surface with ε/ε 0
=4 (b) and ε/ε 0 = 16 (c). Our investigation is relevant to the field of plasma medicine wherein the bacteria are treated for sterilization purposes. For this purpose, more study must be done on the size of particulate totally or partially enveloped by the sheath [3]. The work is supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research under Grant 17- 52-53044. Download 9.74 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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