Органик кимё фанидан Ўқув-услубий мажмуа
Download 29.83 Mb. Pdf ko'rish
|
r
i i l l x x l l o o r r i i d d n n - - p p e e n n t t i i l l f f e e n n i i l l k k e e t t o o n n n n - - C C 6 6 H H 5 5 C C O O C C l l + + C C 6 6 H H 6 6 A A l l C C l l 3 3 n n - - C C 6 6 H H 5 5 – – C C O O C C 6 6 H H 5 5 + + H H C C l l k k a a p p r r i i l l x x l l o o r r i i d d n n - - p p e e n n t t i i l l f f e e n n i i l l k k e e t t o o n n – – C C O O C C l l + + O O 2 2 N N – – – – C C H H 3 3 A A l l C C l l 3 3 – – C C – – O O 2 2 N N – – – – C C H H 3 3 O O n n - - n n i i t t r r o o b b e e n n z z o o i i l l x x l l o o r r i i d d n n - - n n i i t t r r o o f f e e n n i i l l - - n n - - t t o o l l i i l l k k e e t t o o n n ( ( C C H H 3 3 C C O O ) ) 2 2 O O + + C C 6 6 H H 6 6 A A l l C C l l 3 3 C C H H 3 3 C C O O C C 6 6 H H 5 5 + + C C H H 3 3 C C O O O O H H s s i i r r k k a a a a n n g g i i d d r r i i d d i i a a s s e e t t o o f f e e n n o o n n 1 1 . . I I k k k k i i l l a a m m c c h h s s p p i i r r t t l l a a r r n n i i o o k k s s i i d d l l a a s s h h R R C C H H R R ’ ’ C C u u , , q q i i z z d d i i r r i i s s h h K K 2 2 C C r r 2 2 O O 7 7 , , C C r r 2 2 O O 7 7 y y o o k k i i K K M M n n O O 4 4 R R – – C C O O R R ’ ’ m m i i s s o o l l l l a a r r : : C C H H 3 3 C C H H 2 2 C C H H 2 2 C C H H C C H H 3 3 C C u u , , 2 2 5 5 0 0 – – 3 3 0 0 0 0 o o S S C C H H 3 3 C C H H 2 2 C C H H 2 2 C C C C H H 3 3 2 2 - - p p e e n n t t a a n n o o l l 2 2 - - p p e e n n t t a a n n o o n n O O H H O O H H O O C C H H 3 3 O O H H H H C C H H C C H H 3 3 H H 3 3 C C K K 2 2 C C r r 2 2 O O 7 7 , , H H 2 2 S S O O 4 4 C C H H 3 3 C C H H C C H H 3 3 H H 3 3 C C O O ( ( – – ) ) - - m m e e n n t t o o l l ( ( – – ) ) - - m m e e n n t t o o n n R R C C O O C C l l y y o o k k i i A A r r C C O O C C l l L L i i A A l l H H ( ( O O - - u u c c h h . . - - C C 4 4 H H 9 9 ) ) 3 3 R R C C H H O O y y o o k k i i A A r r C C H H O O m m i i s s o o l l l l a a r r : : – – C C O O C C l l n n - - n n i i t t r r o o b b e e n n z z o o i i l l x x l l o o r r i i d d O O 2 2 N N – – – – C C H H 2 2 C C O O C C l l f f e e n n i i l l a a s s e e t t i i l l x x l l o o r r i i d d H H 2 2 , , P P d d – – B B a a S S O O 4 4 y y o o k k i i L L i i A A l l H H [ [ O O - - C C ( ( C C H H 3 3 ) ) 2 2 ] ] 2 2 – – C C H H O O O O 2 2 N N – – n n - - n n i i t t r r o o b b e e n n z z a a l l d d e e g g i i d d H H 2 2 , , P P d d – – B B a a S S O O 4 4 z z a a x x a a r r l l a a n n g g a a n n k k a a t t a a l l i i z z a a t t o o r r – – C C H H 2 2 C C H H O O f f e e n n i i l l a a s s e e t t a a l l d d e e g g i i d d 3 3 . . X X l l o o r r a a n n g g i i d d r r i i d d l l a a r r n n i i q q a a y y t t a a r r i i l l i i c c h h i i 290
4. Atsetosirka efiri yordamidagi sintezlar. 5. Kislotalarni dekarboksillash.
Dastlabki xom ashyoning mavjudlik omili alifatik aldegidlar sintezida muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi: bunda spirtlar yoki xlorangidridlardan foydalanilganda uglerod skileti o’zgarmaydi; aromatik aldegidlar sintez qilishda esa metilarenlar yoki xlorangidridlar muhim o’rin tutadi.
guruhi saqlovchi dastlabki xom ashyodan Remer-Timan usulida aldegidlar sintezi. Alifatik ketonlar mos ikkilamchi spirtlardan oson hosil qilinadi. Murakkab alifatik ketonlar sintezi uchun xlorangidridlarni kadmiyorganik birikmalar bilan reaktsiyasidan foydalanish mumkin. RCH 2 OH RCOOH RCOCl RCHO ALIFATIK ALDEGIDLAR SINTEZI ArCH 3 ArCOOH ArCOCl ArCHO AROMATIK ALDEGIDLAR SINTEZI NAMUNALAR CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 MgBr C C d d C C l l 2 2 (CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 ) 2 Cd 2CH 3 CHCOCl CH 3 di-n-butilkadmiy izobutilxlorid 2 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CCHCH 3 CH 3 O izopropil-n-butilketon (2-metil-3-geptanon) 3 3 . . X X l l o o r r a a n n g g i i d d r r i i d d l l a a r r n n i i k k a a d d m m i i y y o o r r g g a a n n i i k k b b i i r r i i k k m m a a l l a a r r b b i i l l a a n n r r e e a a k k s s i i y y a a s s i i : : R′MgX C C d d C C l l 2 2 R′ 2 Cd RCOCl yoki ArCOCl R – C – R′ yoki Ar – C – R′ O O R′ - aril yoki birlamchi alkil 291
Ketonlar olishda atsetosirka efiridan foydalanish tavsiya etiladi. Aromatik xalqa bilan bevosita bog’langan karbonil guruhi saqlovchi aromatik ketonlarni Fridel-Krafts usulida atsillash yoki Fris qayta guruhlanish orqali sintez qilinishi mumkin.
Download 29.83 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling