Producer price indices volume 2002, Supplement 2
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- Sample maintenance and rotation
Product specifications
When selecting representative products and transactions for pricing, the aim is to choose varieties and transaction characteristics that, account for a significant proportion of sales, are broadly representative of other products, and are expected to stay in production for a long period. While it is always hoped that products and transaction types will stay constant over time, this often is not the case in practice and it is necessary to select replacements. Because of this, it is vital that information about all price-determining characteristics is recorded so that judgements can be made about any differences in quality between the old and replacement items, and so that adjustments can be made for quality change if necessary. So, both to ensure that the same item is being priced month after month and to allow quality change to be identified if replacements are made, price-determining characteristics must be carefully discussed and recorded on the form. Examples of such characteristics are as follows: • Product characteristics: - type of product - brand name or model number - main price determining characteristics: size, weight, power, etc. • Transaction characteristics: - type of buyer: exporter, wholesaler, retailer, manufacturer, government - type of contract: single/multiple deliveries, orders, one year, agreed volume - unit of measure: per unit, per meter, per tonne - size of shipment - delivery basis: free on board, sale with/without delivery to customer, - type of price: average, list, free on board, net of discount - type of discount: seasonal, volume, cash, competitive, trade. Sample maintenance and rotation PPI surveys are panel surveys in that data are collected from the same establishments on more than one occasion. A number of problems that cause bias generally apply to such surveys, i.e. the panel will become depleted as establishments stop producing, become increasingly unrepresentative as time passes and the universe changes, some establishments may resent the burden of responding and, either leave the panel or provide poor quality data. A widely used method to alleviate some of these problems is to limit the length of time that establishments remain on the panel by using some form of panel rotation. It is generally the case, however, that rotation is only done for smaller respondents, where responding to surveys imposes a more significant burden. Rotation has two main benefits. Firstly, it ensures that all but the largest producers participate in the survey for a limited time and, therefore, the burden is shared among establishments. Secondly, it helps to alleviate the problems caused by a sample being out of date, i.e. sample depletion and lack of representativity. Recruiting new establishments helps to ensure that new products are represented in the PPI. MEI Methodological Analysis - Supplement 2 © 2002 82 If using panel rotation, a rotation rate should be agreed first of all. For example, if the whole panel is to be rotated every five years, then the annual rate is 20%. There are then several options as to how 20% of respondents might be rotated. Examples are: • rotation could be implemented by dividing the industry headings into five groups and dealing with one group each year; • 20% of all respondents, across all industries, could be dropped each year and replacements recruited; • an establishment’s rotation cycle could be related to its size so that larger establishments stay in the sample for more than five years, whereas small establishments stay in for less than five years. If rotation is undertaken on the basis of industry group, then this provides a good opportunity to review the sample design and reallocate and select as necessary. Rotation and sample revision fit best within a system of annual chain-linking. Download 465.51 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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