Rise and Fall of an Information Technology Outsourcing Program: a qualitative Analysis of a Troubled Corporate Initiative
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Rise and Fall of an Information Technology Outsourcing Program A
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- Technical labor commodification and deskilling.
Impression management.
Goffman (1959) considered our everyday interactions with one another as part of a larger dramaturgy where individuals behave differently in “front regions” versus “backstage” performances and social settings. The powerful metaphor of the theater is central to Goffman’s analysis. When we are in front-region settings, we are performing in roles on stage with other actors and in front of an audience. We may choose different social settings, costumes or appearances, or manners of interacting (i.e. gestures, body language, and facial expressions) to manage audience impressions when we are in the front region. Just as with a theater, backstage settings are physically separated from the front stage, and audience members are restricted from entrance: Since the vital secrets of a show are visible backstage and since performers behave out of character while there, it is natural to expect that the passage from the front region to the back region will be kept closed to members of the audience or that the entire back region will be kept hidden from them. This is a widely practiced technique of impression management. (Goffman, 1959, p. 113) It is generally considered taboo for an audience member to gain access to the backstage region. In the event this occurs, actors may employee different techniques such as welcoming the newcomer as a backstage member or putting on a different performance designed to give the newcomer the appearance of witnessing a “normal” backstage moment (1959). This research explores the front region and backstage communication and decision-making performances delivered by executives to socialize the outsourcing strategy with employees and each other. Technical labor commodification and deskilling. A central problem facing bureaucracies is maximizing the productivity and value extracted from their labor. Providing a solution for this problem is the essence of Taylor’s (1911/1998) The Principles of Scientific 31 Management . The challenge, according to Taylor, started with the information asymmetry between laborers and foremen in which laborers possessed most of the knowledge required for the production of goods. Taylor’s scientific management broke the production system down into its component pieces with labor specialization for individual steps, not the entire process. Under this approach, the craft skills and knowledge for production were distilled into the simplest of repetitive tasks. Individual worker efficiently and productivity can be measured and improved upon, while the overall knowledge of the production system is transferred from the laborers to the foremen. Braverman (1998) suggested that modern management came into being based upon the proliferation of Taylor’s scientific management principles, and these same principles apply to information technology outsourcing. Braverman’s synopsis of Taylorism mirrors the requirements of gathering, contracting, and governance approach to outsourcing: The first principle is the gathering and development of knowledge of the labor process, and the second is the concentration of this knowledge as the exclusive province of management—together with its essential converse, the absence of such knowledge among the workers—then the third is the use of this monopoly over knowledge to control each step of the labor process and its mode of execution. (p. 82) As employers introduce automation and technology as labor replacements, they may attempt to adjust workers to increasingly unpopular jobs by actually granting higher wages and benefits to a shrinking workforce (Braverman, 1998). Similarly, one could view an ITO contract as means to control the IT labor process, concentrate that knowledge in specialized roles (i.e. vendor and contract management), and use the contract to control vendor labor. Thus, a scientific management approach to information technology leadership may persuade executives to adopt 32 outsourcing practices. However, the ritual may also leave managers with the difficult task of incentivizing some employees to transition to contract management roles they view as deskilled versions of their previous engineering or business analysis roles. Download 1.05 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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