Стилистика тилшуносликнинг ажралмас қисми бўлиб, у бадиий нутқнинг ифодаланиш услублари, уларнинг таъсирчанлиги ва умуман инсон нутқини ўрганадиган фандир

Exercises
I. Questions for discussion:
1. What is the linguistic character ofoxymoron?2. Speak about the stylistic functions of oxymoron.
II. Find out original and trite oxymoron among the following. State their stylistic function and linguistic nature.
1. His face was dark with the violent pleasure of making this stupendous voice, (W. G.) 2. It's the light that makes her this so awfully beautiful and mysterious. (Th. D.) 3. But why does he speak so kindly, so awfully kindly. 4. She smiled aggressively: "I like the way you add that. Of course, your father was ashamed of us ..." (D. S.) 5. And — elegantly threadbare round about and dapper — the two walked side by side (J. G.). 6. She also had on the ear-rings which Мог had accepted for her from Tom Burke, although they didn't quite go with the severe smartness of the dress (I. M). 7. What a glorious mess! (M. S.)
2. 1. The plainest beauty, 2. Sweet pain, 3. Gentle poverty, 4. Bitter sweet, 5. Pretty bad, 6. Frightfully happy, 7. An honorable villain, 8. A damned saint, 9. The little great man, 10. Splendid sins. 11. Painful pleasure.
3. аччиқ шакар, сўзсиз мурожаат (шиор, чақириш), саратондаги момақалдироқ.
Уйғон, эй малагим, тур ўрнингдан тур,
Оташин музларда исинайлик юр.
Ёнғинли дарёда қулоч отайлик,
Бу ердан кетайлик, фақат кетайлик.


STYLISTIC DEVICES BASED ON THE INTERACTION OF LOGICAL AND NOMINAL MEANINGS
Antonomasia. This SD is based on the immediate interplay between logical and nominal meanings of a word which is realized in the text. The realization of only one meaning does not give an SD.
Here are some illustrations of antonomasia widely used in emotive prose and drama: Mclash, one who strikes violently, [(compare with the verb to lash). Mr. Micphail (compare with the verb to fail), Mr. Pinchwife. one who hurts his wife by pinching; Mr. Sparkish, a dandy, a man who pays too much care to his clothes and personal appearance (compare with the adjective sparkle). Sir Fidget, a person who moves about restlessly, shows signs of impatience. The same refers to Mcfission, Frincle.
Sometimes capital letters are the only marks of the use of antonomasia and the implication which such antonomasia carries in the text. Eg: Lord Nobody, Dr. Goodfeel. Traditionally proper names are built according to certain morphological patterns: noun + suffixes: -soft, -er, -ard etc. E.g.: Jonson, Morrison, Chester, Herbert, Howard, Bernard, etc. Alongside with antonomasia we single out token or telltale names. E.g.: Miss Careless, Mr. Desert, and Sir Pattern. In such names the leading characteristic feature of a person or some event is marked or mentioned.
Antonomasia stands close to epithets. This closeness is traced in nature, not in form. From the semantic point of view the author stresses the prominent features of a person and sticks these features to his name: Miss Sharp, Mr. Backbite. Miss Murdstone, Mr. Choakumchild (one who can stop the breath of a child) etc. This is how A. Christie describes one of her characters: "The Crackler — one who passes false banknotes into circulation. Crackle, therefore he is called a crackler, nothing could be simpler".
Antonomasia is associated with other SDs. For example, it is often used together with epithets. Speaking about epithets we have underlined that it denotes certain (special) qualities of a person. Many nicknames of historical or public characters are based on the use of such characterization. E.g.: The Iron Duke (the first Duke of Wellington), Old Hickory (Andrew Jackson, the seventh President of theUSA), the Iron Lady (M. Thatcher, the former Prime Minister of Great Britain).
Another type of antonomasia is metonymic antonomasia which is based on the relation of contiguity. A product can be named after the inventor, manufacturer or after the place where it is produced: Chanel, Nina Ricci (French scent),Bordeaux(white or red wine from the Bordeaux region of France). The name of a painter, writer, and sculptor can be used to denote his work: «A Titian-haired girl", the reference is made to the paintings of the world's greatest Italian painter Titian; women in his pictures are generally red-haired. Wall street, the chief financial center of the USA; the White House, the US President's residence and office; the Pentagon, the building where US Army head quarters are placed; Downing Street, street in London with official residences of the Prime Minister, the Government.
We distinguish metaphoric antonomasia which is usually considered to be a cliché. E.g.: What will Mrs. Grandysay, what is conventional; He is a regular Sherlock Holms, may be said about an observant person; Romeo and Juliet, young people who love each other. The significance of antonomasia in belles-lettres style shouldnot be neglected because it helps to reveal the hidden meaning of the story of narration. For example, in W. Shakespeare's "Hamlet" at the end of the play the Prince of Norway, Fortinbrass appears on the stage. The meaning of his name is significant in interpreting Shakespeare’s conception. It consists of two words: "fort" and "bras". The first word means "a building specially strengthened for military defense"the second word "brass" is a French word and denotes a "hand". The implication is that people need a strong and brave ruler (King) in this country.