Вулъгаризмлар(қўпол иборалар)хақоратхамдабеадабликхусусиятлигибиланажралибтуради. Бутурдагисўзлародатда, иккигурухгаажратилади: 1) қарғишсўзлари: оқпадар, ерюткур, жувонмарг, ўлгур, яшшамагуркаби; 2) хақоратсўзлар: хумпар, тирранча, аблаҳ, ифлос, муттаҳам, итвачча, жиннивачча, хомкалла, баччағар, қизиталоккабилар.
Вульгаризмларданбадиийасарлартилинингхусусиятларини ифодалашмақсадларидафойдаланилади. Бундаҳамқаҳрамонхусусиятиочилади. Воқеа-ҳодисақандайсодирбўлганбўлса, шундайлигичаўзаксинитопади. Шуорқалиўқувчигатаъсирэтади, унингнафратиниқўзғайди, таъсирчанликни, тасвирийликниоширади.
Exercises
1. Questions for discussion:
1. What are the main layers of the English vocabulary? Characterize each of them. 2. Speak about the classification of the literary layer. 3. What are the constituent parts of colloquial vocabulary? 4. What are the functions of terms in the language of science and in the texts of emotive prose? 5. What functions do poetic words perform in the text? 6. Do you see the difference between archaic words and historical words? What are their functions in the text? 7. Give the distinctions existing between barbarisms and foreign words. Speak about their functions in emotive prose. 8. What are the rules of producing coinages? Give the illustrations. 9. Give the distinctions between a coinage and a nonce-word. Speak about their functions. 10. What are the varieties of common colloquial words? 11. What is slang? 12. How does slang depend on social circumstances existing in the society? 13. What is the difference between slang and a jargon? 14. What functions do professional words perform in the text? 15. Bring some illustrations of dialecticalvords and-define their function. 16. What is cockney? 17. Define vulgar words.
II. Classify the following English and Uzbek words into different layers of the vocabulary: define their function in the vocabulary system: consult the dictionary if necessary:
betwixt, oil, astrologer, goblet, abode, depicture, amity, equitable, teach in, jeans, bonmot, beau, monde, hush-hush, hippy, disimprove, cleric, hereby, casque, commix, neutron bomb, know-how, egg-beater, bionics, space-suit, scate-leptic, dalliance, push-button war, see-saw battle, look-see, Albion, delve, to commence, female, allophone, s'long, blackleg, gimme, steed, woe, a kid, antibiotic, anode,
2. Даст, ҳужра, газет, заряд, даъвогар, платформа, аскар, хирам, дастгир, беквачча, меҳроб, раскладушка, беш, даннон, дипломат, бачкана, пара, дарсхона, даража, сабо, семинар, ошам, бача, баранж, бако, гегемония, гулқайчи, аудитория, кемпинг, дорилҳафат, вокал, довламоқ, баковул, итвачча.
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