Task – ‘Open-source’ task. Theory – 10 point task – a ‘Open-source’ task. Find/identify main postulates of given great thinker/scholar [from Martin Griffiths

john ruggie
John Ruggie is an American international relations scholar and one of the leading figures in the field of International Political Economy (IPE). Some of his main postulates are:

1. 
   Constructivism: Ruggie is a prominent constructivist scholar, who argues that ideas and norms shape state behavior in international relations.
   
2. 
   The Three Institutional Pillars of Global Governance: Ruggie identifies the three institutional pillars of global governance as the nation-state, the market, and international organizations, and highlights the interplay between them.
   
3. 
   Regime Complexity: Ruggie argues that the relationship between states and international organizations is not linear or hierarchical, but rather a complex web of interactions, relationships, and regimes.
   

Illustrations of John Ruggie's ideas in IR include:

1. 
   The World Trade Organization (WTO): Ruggie's work has been influential in the study of the role of the WTO in shaping global economic governance.
   
2. 
   The role of norms in shaping state behavior: Ruggie's constructivist approach to international relations has been used to analyze the impact of norms on state behavior, particularly in the areas of human rights and environmental protection.
   
3. 
   The rise of multi-stakeholder governance: Ruggie's work on regime complexity highlights the growing importance of non-state actors in shaping global governance, including civil society organizations, corporations, and international institutions.
   

alexandr wendt
Alex Wendt is an American political scientist and international relations scholar. His main postulates are:

1. 
   Constructivism: Wendt argues that the international system is not an objective given, but is constructed by the interactions between states. This means that norms, ideas, and identities play a crucial role in shaping the international system.
   
2. 
   Social Theory of International Relations: Wendt asserts that international relations can be understood as a social process and that the fundamental unit of analysis in IR should be not the state, but the person.
   
3. 
   Anarchy is what states make of it: Wendt argues that the concept of anarchy in the international system is not a given, but is shaped by state behavior and norms.
   

Illustrations:

1. 
   The end of the Cold War: Wendt's ideas on the role of norms and ideas in shaping international relations can be seen in the way that the end of the Cold War was brought about by a change in norms and values among the major powers.
   
2. 
   The European Union: The European Union serves as a prime example of Wendt's constructivist perspective, as it shows how international institutions can shape state behavior and the norms of international relations.
   
3. 
   The Responsibility to Protect (R2P): The R2P concept, which asserts that the international community has a responsibility to intervene in cases of mass atrocities, is an illustration of Wendt's idea that norms and values play a crucial role in shaping the international system. The development and widespread acceptance of the R2P norm is a testament to the power of norms in shaping international relations.